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The microbiota-gut-brain axis: Focus on the fundamental communication pathways
Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science ( IF 4.025 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 , DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.08.012
Michela Bistoletti 1 , Annalisa Bosi 1 , Davide Banfi 1 , Cristina Giaroni 1 , Andreina Baj 1
Affiliation  

The existence of a bidirectional communication system termed the “gut-brain axis” linking the gastrointestinal tract with the brain has been recognized since the nineteenth century. In the last decades, however, it has become evident that the saprophytic gut microbial flora plays a key role in the modulation of this gut-brain connecting pathway, which is defined now as the “microbiota-gut-brain axis”. The gut microbiota plays, indeed, a pivotal role in the maintenance of local, systemic and brain homeostasis. Several neuroactive molecules, hormones and metabolites act along different communication pathways, allowing the bidirectional cross-talk. Some of these molecules are common to eukaryota and prokaryota, representing a possible interkingdom communication system. This chapter provides a description of the chief endocrine, immune and neuronal pathways involved in this bidirectional communication. Research in this field opens an exciting scenario on the possibility to target specific neuronal or hormonal pathways, by means of traditional pharmacological approaches as well as using neuroactive molecule-producing probiotics, as new potential therapeutic tools, addressed to the treatment of neurogastrointestinal and/or psychiatric disorders.



中文翻译:

微生物群-肠-脑轴:关注基本的交流途径

自 19 世纪以来,人们就已经认识到存在连接胃肠道和大脑的称为“肠-脑轴”的双向通信系统。然而,在过去的几十年里,腐生性肠道微生物群在调节这种肠-脑连接途径中发挥着关键作用,这一点现在被定义为“微生物群-肠-脑轴”,这一点已经变得很明显。事实上,肠道微生物群在维持局部、全身和大脑稳态方面发挥着关键作用。几种神经活性分子、激素和代谢物沿不同的通信途径起作用,允许双向串扰。其中一些分子是真核生物和原核生物共有的,代表了一种可能的界际交流系统。本章描述了主要内分泌,参与这种双向通信的免疫和神经元通路。该领域的研究开辟了一个令人兴奋的场景,即通过传统药理学方法以及使用产生神经活性分子的益生菌作为新的潜在治疗工具,针对特定神经元或激素途径的可能性,用于治疗神经胃肠道和/或精神障碍。

更新日期:2020-10-30
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