Objective

Various drugs administered to horses undergoing surgical procedures can release histamine. Histamine concentrations were evaluated in horses prepared for surgery and administered butorphanol or morphine intraoperative infusions.

Study design

Prospective studies with one randomized.

Animals

A total of 44 client-owned horses.

Methods

In one study, anesthesia was induced with xylazine followed by ketamine–diazepam. Anesthesia was maintained with guaifenesin–xylazine–ketamine (GXK) during surgical preparation. For surgery, isoflurane was administered with intravenous (IV) morphine (group M: 0.15 mg kg^–1 and 0.1 mg kg^–1 hour^–1; 15 horses) or butorphanol (group B: 0.05 mg kg^–1 and 0.01 mg kg^–1 hour^–1; 15 horses). Histamine and morphine concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay before opioid injection (time 0), and after 1, 2, 5, 30, 60 and 90 minutes. In a subsequent study, plasma histamine concentrations were measured in 14 horses before drug administration (baseline), 15 minutes after IV sodium penicillin and 15 minutes after starting GXK IV infusion. Statistical comparison was performed using anova for repeated measures. Pearson correlation compared morphine and histamine concentrations. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Significance was assumed when p ≤ 0.05.

Results

With histamine, differences occurred between baseline (3.2 ± 2.4 ng mL^–1) and GXK (5.2 ± 7.1 ng mL^–1) and between baseline and time 0 in group B (11.9 ± 13.4 ng mL^–1) and group M (11.1 ± 12.4 ng mL^–1). No differences occurred between baseline and after penicillin or between groups M and B. Morphine concentrations were higher at 1 minute following injection (8.1 ± 5.1 ng mL^–1) than at 30 minutes (4.9 ± 3.1 ng mL^–1) and 60 minutes (4.0 ± 2.5 ng mL^–1). Histamine correlated with morphine at 2, 30 and 60 minutes.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

GXK increased histamine concentration, but concentrations were similar with morphine and butorphanol.

中文翻译：

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服用青霉素钠、愈创甘油醚-甲苯噻嗪-氯胺酮和异氟醚与吗啡或布托啡诺的马的血浆组胺浓度

客观的

给予接受外科手术的马的各种药物可以释放组胺。在准备进行手术并在术中输注布托啡诺或吗啡的马中评估组胺浓度。

学习规划

一项随机的前瞻性研究。

动物

共有44匹客户拥有的马匹。

方法

在一项研究中，先用甲苯噻嗪诱导麻醉，然后用氯胺酮-地西泮。在手术准备期间用愈创甘油醚-甲苯噻嗪-氯胺酮（GXK）维持麻醉。对于手术，异氟醚与静脉注射 (IV) 吗啡（M 组：0.15 mg kg ^–1和 0.1 mg kg ^–1小时^–1；15 匹马）或布托啡诺（B 组：0.05 mg kg ^–1和 0.01 mg kg ^{– 1}小时^–1; 15 匹马）。在阿片类药物注射前（时间 0）和 1、2、5、30、60 和 90 分钟后，使用酶联免疫测定法测量组胺和吗啡浓度。在随后的研究中，在给药前（基线）、静脉注射青霉素钠后 15 分钟和开始 GXK 静脉输注后 15 分钟测量了 14 匹马的血浆组胺浓度。使用方差分析进行重复测量进行统计比较。Pearson 相关性比较了吗啡和组胺的浓度。数据表示为平均值±标准偏差。当p ≤ 0.05时假设显着。

结果

使用组胺时，基线 (3.2 ± 2.4 ng mL ^–1 ) 和 GXK (5.2 ± 7.1 ng mL ^–1 ) 之间以及 B 组 (11.9 ± 13.4 ng mL ^–1 ) 和 M 组 (11.1 ± 12.4 纳克·毫升^–1 )。基线和使用青霉素后或 M 组和 B 组之间没有差异。注射后 1 分钟的吗啡浓度 (8.1 ± 5.1 ng mL ^–1 ) 高于 30 分钟 (4.9 ± 3.1 ng mL ^–1 ) 和 60 分钟 ( 4.0 ± 2.5 纳克·毫升^–1 )。组胺在 2、30 和 60 分钟时与吗啡相关。

结论和临床相关性

GXK 增加组胺浓度，但浓度与吗啡和布托啡诺相似。