The protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amebiasis, an infection that manifests as colitis and, in some cases, liver abscess. A better understanding of host protective factors is key to developing an effective remedy. Recently, significant advances have been made in understanding the mechanisms of MUC2 production by goblet cells upon amebic infection, regulation of antimicrobial peptide production by Paneth cells, the interaction of commensal microbiota with immune stimulation, and host genetics in conferring protection from amebiasis. In addition to host pathways that may serve as potential therapeutic targets, significant progress has also been made with respect to development of a vaccine against amebiasis. Here, we aim to highlight the current understanding and knowledge gaps critically.

原生动物寄生虫组织解组织变形虫是阿米巴病的病原体，阿米巴病是一种感染，表现为结肠炎，在某些情况下还表现为肝脓肿。对宿主保护因子的更好理解是制定有效补救措施的关键。最近，在了解杯状细胞在阿米巴感染后产生MUC2的机制，Paneth细胞对抗菌肽产生的调节，共生菌群与免疫刺激的相互作用以及宿主遗传学赋予对阿米巴病的保护作用方面取得了重大进展。除了可以用作潜在治疗靶标的宿主途径外，抗阿米巴病疫苗的开发也取得了重大进展。在这里，我们旨在批判性地强调当前的理解和知识差距。