Whole-cell sensing systems (WCSSs) are highly anticipated in the field of on-site detection. However, due to their low specificity, poor stability, and potential environmental problems, their commercial application is unrealistic. Recently, synthetic biology and nanomaterials have provided potential solutions to these problems, propelling WCSSs into a new generation. Synthetic biology provides a complete solution for the intelligent design and assembly of elements, modules, and genetic circuits. Nanomaterials covering the exterior of the cells provide stable protection, remote control capability, and catalytic ability for the WCSSs, and they can limit the horizontal transfer of genetic elements. These advancements enable personalized customization, intelligent control, and self-destruction in the next generation of cell sensors, promoting their industrialization.

全细胞传感系统（WCSS）在现场检测领域备受期待。然而，由于其特异性低、稳定性差和潜在的环境问题，其商业应用是不现实的。最近，合成生物学和纳米材料为这些问题提供了潜在的解决方案，将 WCSS 推向了新一代。合成生物学为元件、模块和基因回路的智能设计和组装提供了完整的解决方案。覆盖细胞外部的纳米材料为 WCSSs 提供了稳定的保护、远程控制能力和催化能力，它们可以限制遗传元素的水平转移。这些进步使下一代细胞传感器能够实现个性化定制、智能控制和自毁，