Photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing is a newly emerged and fast-developing analytical method using photoactive materials that are excited by external light to produce photocurrent readout signal. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have attracted increasing interest in PEC sensing due to their unique structure and fascinating photoelectric properties. Herein, an overview of the rapidly emerging 2D materials and their PEC sensing applications are summarized, including graphene, graphitic carbon nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides, Mxene, oxides, etc. Particularly, the different roles played by these 2D materials in a PEC sensor, the various strategies for improving photoelectric activity, and the preparation methods of 2D materials are discussed. Furthermore, some sensing mechanisms and signal amplification techniques frequently used in the PEC sensing area are also introduced in the review. Finally, the existing challenges and some future perspectives of this field are proposed.

光电化学（PEC）传感是一种新兴的且发展迅速的分析方法，它使用受外部光激发的光敏材料来产生光电流读出信号。近年来，二维（2D）分层材料因其独特的结构和引人入胜的光电性能而引起了人们对PEC传感的日益增长的兴趣。本文概述了快速发展的2D材料及其在PEC传感中的应用，包括石墨烯，石墨氮化碳，过渡金属二卤化物，二甲苯，氧化物等。特别是，这些2D材料在PEC传感器中所起的不同作用，讨论了提高光电活性的各种策略，以及二维材料的制备方法。此外，本文还介绍了PEC传感领域中常用的一些传感机制和信号放大技术。最后，提出了该领域存在的挑战和未来的前景。