Abstract Ageing induces modifications capable of compromising seed vigour and viability. This study investigated the effects of exogenous application of five antioxidants: ascorbic acid (AA), gallic acid (GA), reduced glutathione (GSH), trolox and glycerol, on physical and biochemical lesions induced by controlled deterioration (CD) in Brassica oleracea (cabbage) and Lactuca sativa (lettuce) seeds. The antioxidants were applied at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mM to fresh seeds and seeds subjected to CD: 75% viability (P75), 50% viability (P50) and 25% viability (P25); deionised water (DW) served as control. Controlled deterioration resulted in more abnormal seedlings production in cabbage than in lettuce seeds. Additionally, CD increased electrical conductivity (EC) and protein carbonylation (PC), lowered antioxidant and germination enzymes activities in both species but increased lipid peroxidation in lettuce seeds only. Exogenous application of antioxidants enhanced seed viability of cabbage at P25 and lettuce at P50 and P25; seedling vigour of fresh, P75 and P25 cabbage; P50 and P25 lettuce seeds. Electrolyte conductivity and lipid peroxidation were reduced by AA, GA, glycerol, GSH and trolox in lettuce seeds, while PC was reduced by GA, glycerol and GSH in both species. Antioxidant and germination enzymes activities were heightened by GA, glycerol, GSH, and trolox in cabbage seeds; AA, GA, glycerol, GSH and trolox in lettuce seeds. While DW reduced PC in cabbage seeds, it reduced lipid peroxidation and heightened antioxidant and germination enzymes activities in lettuce seeds. The study resolved that CD-induced lesions differ in both species, and the exogenously applied antioxidants are beneficial in quelling injurious spin-offs of oxidative reactions.

中文翻译：

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外源施用五种抗氧化剂对老白菜和生菜种子活力、活力、氧化代谢和发芽酶的影响

摘要 衰老会导致能够损害种子活力和活力的修饰。本研究调查了外源施用五种抗氧化剂：抗坏血酸 (AA)、没食子酸 (GA)、还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH)、trolox 和甘油，对甘蓝受控变质 (CD) 引起的物理和生化损伤的影响。卷心菜）和莴苣（生菜）种子。将抗氧化剂以 0.2、0.4 和 0.6 mM 施用于新鲜种子和经历 CD 的种子：75% 活力 (P75)、50% 活力 (P50) 和 25% 活力 (P25)；去离子水 (DW) 作为对照。与生菜种子相比，受控退化导致卷心菜中更多的异常幼苗生产。此外，CD 增加了电导率 (EC) 和蛋白质羰基化 (PC)，降低了两种物种的抗氧化和发芽酶活性，但仅增加了生菜种子中的脂质过氧化。外源施用抗氧化剂提高了 P25 时白菜和 P50 和 P25 时生菜的种子活力；鲜、P75、P25卷心菜苗势；P50 和 P25 生菜种子。生菜种子中的 AA、GA、甘油、GSH 和 trolox 降低了电解质电导率和脂质过氧化，而两种物种中的 PC 均被 GA、甘油和 GSH 降低。甘蓝种子中的GA、甘油、谷胱甘肽和trolox提高了抗氧化和发芽酶的活性；生菜种子中的 AA、GA、甘油、GSH 和 trolox。虽然 DW 降低了卷心菜种子中的 PC，但它降低了脂质过氧化作用并提高了生菜种子中的抗氧化和发芽酶活性。