The translation of information encoded in the DNA into functional proteins is one of the tenets of cellular biology. Cell survival and function depend on the tightly controlled processes of transcription and translation. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation in mRNA translation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several neurodevelopmental diseases, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and fragile X syndrome (FXS) as well as neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this review, we provide an overview of mRNA translation and its modes of regulation that have been implicated in neurological disease.

将 DNA 中编码的信息翻译成功能性蛋白质是细胞生物学的原则之一。细胞的存活和功能取决于严格控制的转录和翻译过程。越来越多的证据表明，mRNA 翻译失调在多种神经发育疾病的发病机制中发挥着重要作用，例如自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和脆性 X 综合征 (FXS) 以及神经退行性疾病，例如阿尔茨海默病 (AD)、帕金森病疾病（PD）和肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）。在这篇综述中，我们概述了与神经系统疾病有关的 mRNA 翻译及其调节模式。