Abstract Tricalcium silicate (C3S) is a potential candidate as bone cement with excellent biological properties. However, the long setting time of C3S is not conducive to clinic applications. Simply considering hydration, it is possible to increase the consumption of the hydration products to accelerate hydration. Based on these considerations, phosphoric acid (PA), gluconic acid (GA) and citric acid (CA) were used as curing agents, which can consume calcium hydroxide and so accelerate hydration. A series of measures were used to characterize the influences of the acids on hydration: compressive strength, setting time, pH value, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and backscattered electron imaging. The results showed that the three acids shortened the setting time of C3S cement; however, CA and GA had an inhibiting effect on the hydration and PA accelerated hydration. Investigating the mechanism of action of these three acids on hydration of C3S cement may be beneficial to improve the practicality of C3S as bone cement.

中文翻译：

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酸化提高硅酸三钙骨水泥自凝性能及其机理

摘要 硅酸三钙（C3S）是一种具有优良生物学特性的骨水泥的潜在候选者。但C3S凝固时间长，不利于临床应用。单纯考虑水化，可以增加水化产物的消耗，加速水化。基于这些考虑，磷酸（PA）、葡萄糖酸（GA）和柠檬酸（CA）被用作固化剂，它们可以消耗氢氧化钙从而加速水化。一系列措施被用来表征酸对水合的影响：抗压强度、凝固时间、pH 值、X 射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X 射线光电子能谱和背散射电子成像。结果表明，三种酸均缩短了C3S水泥的凝结时间；然而，CA和GA对水合作用有抑制作用，PA加速水合作用。研究这三种酸对C3S骨水泥水化作用的机理可能有利于提高C3S作为骨水泥的实用性。