Numerous studies have focused on making telemedicine smart through the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. These works span a wide range of research areas to enhance telemedicine architecture such as network communications, artificial intelligence methods and techniques, IoT wearable sensors and hardware devices, smartphones and cloud computing. Accordingly, several telemedicine applications covering various human diseases have presented their works from a specific perspective and resulted in confusion regarding the IoT characteristics. Although such applications are useful and necessary for improving telemedicine contexts related to monitoring, detection and diagnostics, deriving an overall picture of how IoT characteristics are currently integrated with the telemedicine architecture is difficult. Accordingly, this study complements the academic literature with a systematic review covering all main aspects of advances in IoT-based telemedicine architecture. This study also provides a state-of-the-art telemedicine classification taxonomy under IoT and reviews works in different fields in relation to that classification. To this end, this study checked the ScienceDirect, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Xplore, and Web of Science databases. A total of 2121 papers were collected from 2014 to July 2020. The retrieved articles were filtered according to the defined inclusion criteria. A final set of 141 articles were selected and classified into two categories, each followed by subcategories and sections. The first category includes an IoT-based telemedicine network that accounts for 24.11% (n = 34/141). The second category includes IoT-based telemedicine healthcare services and applications that account for 75.89% (n = 107/141). This multi-field systematic review has exposed new research opportunities, motivations, recommendations and challenges that need attention for the synergistic integration of interdisciplinary works. This extensive study also lists a set of open issues and provides innovative key solutions along with a systematic review. The classification of diseases under IoT-based telemedicine is divided into 14 groups. Furthermore, the crossover in our taxonomy is demonstrated. The lifecycle of the context of IoT-based telemedicine healthcare applications is mapped for the first time, including the procedure sequencing and definition for each context. We believe that this study is a useful guide for researchers and practitioners in providing direction and valuable information for future research. This study can also address the ambiguity in the trends in IoT-based telemedicine.

许多研究都致力于通过物联网（IoT）技术使远程医疗变得智能。这些工作涉及广泛的研究领域，以增强远程医疗体系结构，例如网络通信，人工智能方法和技术，IoT穿戴式传感器和硬件设备，智能手机和云计算。因此，涵盖各种人类疾病的几种远程医疗应用已从特定的角度介绍了他们的工作，并导致有关物联网特性的混乱。尽管此类应用程序对于改善与监视，检测和诊断有关的远程医疗环境是有用且必要的，但要获得有关IoT特性当前如何与远程医疗架构集成的整体图景还是很困难的。因此，这项研究通过对基于物联网的远程医疗体系结构发展的所有主要方面的系统综述来补充学术文献。这项研究还提供了物联网下的最新远程医疗分类分类法，并回顾了与该分类有关的不同领域的工作。为此，本研究检查了ScienceDirect，电气和电子工程师协会（IEEE）Xplore和Web of Science数据库。2014年至2020年7月，共收集了2121篇论文。检索到的文章根据定义的纳入标准进行过滤。最终选择了141篇文章，将其分为两类，每类依次为子类别和部分。第一类包括基于IoT的远程医疗网络，占24.11％（n = 34/141）。第二类包括基于物联网的远程医疗保健服务和应用，占75.89％（n = 107/141）。这项多领域的系统评价揭示了新的研究机会，动机，建议和挑战，这些是跨学科作品协同整合所需要注意的。这项广泛的研究还列出了一系列未解决的问题，并提供了创新的关键解决方案以及系统的审查。基于物联网的远程医疗的疾病分类分为14组。此外，展示了我们分类学中的交叉。首次映射了基于IoT的远程医疗保健应用程序上下文的生命周期，包括每个上下文的过程顺序和定义。我们相信，这项研究对于研究人员和从业人员为将来的研究提供方向和有价值的信息是一个有用的指导。这项研究还可以解决基于物联网的远程医疗趋势中的歧义。