Microalgae and cyanobacteria have been evaluated for biological CO₂ capture from flue gases for over 40 years; however, commercial open ponds and photobioreactors suffer many drawbacks including a slow rate of CO₂ capture and high water usage. We evaluate an intensified 3D cell immobilisation approach with a small water demand, by coating latex binders onto defined surface area (947 m² m⁻³) and void space (81.78 ± 4.41 %) loofah sponge scaffolds, forming porous 3D biocomposites with three microalgae species; freshwater Chlorella vulgaris, marine Dunaliella salina and Nannochloropsis oculata, and two strains of freshwater Synechococcus elongatus cyanobacteria. Binder toxicity and adhesion screening protocols were established ahead of eight weeks semi-batch and six weeks continuous CO₂ fixation trials. Acrylic and polyurethane binders were effective for microalgae, and bio-based (Replebin®) binders were suited for cyanobacteria. The highest average net CO₂ fixation rates from each species were 0.17 ± 0.01, 0.25 ± 0.01, 0.12 ± 0.01, 0.68 ± 0.18 and 0.93 ± 0.30 g CO₂ g^-1_biomass d^-1 for C. vulgaris, D. salina, N. oculata, S. elongatus PCC 7942 and S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A respectively. This equates to predicted CO₂ capture from scaled systems of up to 340.11 ± 110 tCO₂ t^-1_biomass yr^-1. Analysis of the kinetics of CO₂ absorbtion and SEM imaging suggests that the cells were embedded within a polymer film that covered the scaffold. Biocomposites continuously fed with 5% CO₂ had high lipid contents approaching 70 % dry weight. This biocomposite approach shows promise to intensify biological CO₂ capture and possible application in bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS).

已经对微藻和蓝细菌从烟道气中捕获生物CO ₂进行了40多年的评估；目前，已经有30多年的历史。然而，商业开放池塘和光生物反应器遭受许多缺点，包括缓慢的CO ₂捕获速率和高用水量。我们通过在特定的表面积（947 m ² m ^-3）和空隙空间（81.78±4.41％）的丝瓜海绵支架上涂覆乳胶粘合剂，形成具有3个微藻类的多孔3D生物复合材料，从而评估了需要少量水的强化3D细胞固定方法。种类; 淡水小球藻，海洋杜氏盐藻和Nannochloropsis oculata，以及两种淡水长突球菌。蓝细菌。在八周的半间歇和六周的连续CO ₂固定试验之前，建立了粘合剂毒性和粘附筛选方案。丙烯酸和聚氨酯粘合剂对微藻类有效，而生物基（Replebin®）粘合剂适用于蓝细菌。最高平均净CO ₂从各种固定率分别为0.17±0.01，0.25±0.01，0.12±0.01，0.68±0.18和0.93±0.30克Co ₂克^-1_的生物质d ^-1为普通小球藻，杜氏盐藻，N.绿球藻，S.细长PCC 7942和S.细长CCAP 1479 / 1A分别。这相当于从规模高达340.11±110 tCO ₂ t ^-1的_生物量yr ^-1的规模化系统中预测的CO ₂捕获。对CO ₂吸收动力学和SEM成像的分析表明，细胞被嵌入覆盖支架的聚合物膜内。连续喂入5％CO _2的生物复合材料的脂质含量高，接近干重的70％。这种生物复合材料方法有望增强生物的CO ₂捕集，并有望通过碳捕集与封存（BECCS）应用于生物能源。