This study examines the therapeutic and year-round prophylactic efficacy of different formulations used in dogs in three Spanish areas where canine thelaziosis is endemic. The study was conducted as a Good Clinical Practice, multicentre, randomised field study in privately owned outdoor dogs naturally infected with Thelazia callipaeda. The active pharmaceutical ingredients tested were: an oral formulation of milbemycin oxime 12.5 mg combined with praziquantel 125 mg (A), a subcutaneous sustained-release formulation of moxidectin 10 g (B), a moxidectin 2.5% weight/volume (w/v) spot-on formulation combined with imidacloprid 10% w/v (C), and an eye drop formulation (6 µg) of ivermectin 10 mg/ml diluted 10% in propylene glycol (D). Infected dogs were randomly allocated to treatment Groups A, B, C and D. Dogs testing negative for T. callipaeda inspection in two visits (Day 7/Day 14 and D30) were enrolled in the prophylaxis trial and reallocated to the corresponding study group (A, B, C or D). Treatment efficacy ranged from 70.4% recorded in Group A 1 week after treatment, to 100% recorded in Group C on Day 30 and in Group B on Day 60. Treatment was more efficacious in Group D (85.7% 1 week after treatment) than A, but was never 100% efficacious as in Groups B and C. Year-round prophylactic efficacy was 83.3% in Group A, 100% in Group B, 93.5% in Group C and 87.5% in Group D. In conclusion, products containing moxidectin were highly efficacious both in treating and preventing canine thelaziosis. Milbemycin also emerged as a good option. However, the off-label use of topical or subcutaneous ivermectin should be avoided due to possible adverse reactions such as pruritus, irritation or redness. In endemic areas, monthly prophylaxis to limit the spread of T. callipaeda to new areas across Europe and reduce zoonotic risks is essential.

这项研究考察了西班牙三个犬吸吮吸虫病流行地区的不同制剂对犬的治疗和全年预防效果。该研究是一项良好临床实践、多中心、随机现场研究，对象是自然感染吸吮线虫的私人户外狗。测试的活性药物成分为：米尔倍霉素肟12.5 mg联合吡喹酮125 mg的口服制剂（A）、莫昔克丁皮下缓释制剂10 g（B）、莫昔克丁2.5%重量/体积（w/v）点滴制剂与吡虫啉 10% w/v 组合 (C)，以及伊维菌素 10 mg/ml 在丙二醇中稀释 10% 的滴眼剂制剂 (6 µg) (D)。受感染的狗被随机分配到治疗组 A、B、C 和 D。在两次访视（第 7 天/第 14 天和第 30 天）中对T. callipeda检查呈阴性的狗被纳入预防试验，并重新分配到相应的研究组（ A、B、C 或 D）。治疗有效率范围从治疗后 1 周 A 组记录的 70.4%，到第 30 天 C 组和第 60 天 B 组记录的 100%。D 组的治疗效果（治疗后 1 周为 85.7%）比 A 组更有效，但从未像 B 组和 C 组那样 100% 有效。A 组的全年预防效力为 83.3%，B 组为 100%，C 组为 93.5%，D 组为 87.5%。 总之，含有莫昔克丁的产品在治疗和预防犬吸吮吸虫病方面均非常有效。米尔贝霉素也是一个不错的选择。然而，应避免超说明书使用外用或皮下伊维菌素，因为可能会出现瘙痒、刺激或发红等不良反应。在流行地区，每月进行预防以限制马蹄虫向欧洲新地区传播并减少人畜共患风险至关重要。