Abstract The aim was to analyse whether Kefir activates nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) under hyperglycaemic conditions in the kidneys of diabetic rats (DM). DM received kefir for 8 weeks (DMK group). There was a significant reduction in water and chow intake, reduction in diuresis and glycaemia in DMK versus DM, the protein levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and Nrf2 were significantly increased and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) was significantly reduced. Glycaemia had a moderate correlation with NO or superoxide anion and a strong correlation with 3-NT. Kefir improved the metabolic profile, reducing blood glucose and increasing the concentration of Nrf2, modulating CAT and SOD-1 in the renal cortex of diabetic animals, thus contributing to reduced oxidative/nitrosative stress in these animals. These data suggest that kefir could be used as an additional therapy to improve glycaemic control and restore antioxidant defence in the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

中文翻译：

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开菲尔降低亚硝化应激并上调糖尿病大鼠肾脏中的 Nrf2

摘要 目的是分析开菲尔是否在糖尿病大鼠 (DM) 肾脏高血糖条件下激活核红细胞 2 相关因子 2 (Nrf2)。DM 接受开菲尔 8 周（DMK 组）。与 DM 相比，DMK 的水和食物摄入量显着减少，利尿和血糖降低，过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶-1 (SOD-1) 和 Nrf2 的蛋白质水平显着增加，3-硝基酪氨酸 (3 -NT) 显着减少。血糖与 NO 或超氧阴离子有中等相关性，与 3-NT 有很强的相关性。开菲尔改善了代谢状况，降低了血糖并增加了 Nrf2 的浓度，调节了糖尿病动物肾皮质中的 CAT 和 SOD-1，从而有助于减少这些动物的氧化/亚硝化应激。