The hydrochemical composition of surface water and groundwater is a key parameter for understanding the evolution of water and its quality. In particular, little is known about the impact of transferred water on surface water and groundwater. In this study, Baiyangdian Lake was selected as a typical area for extensive groundwater exploration and surface water transfer in the North China Plain. Surface water and groundwater samples were sampled in dry/wet seasons and then analyzed before/after the water transfer, respectively. Generally, surface water and groundwater are extensively hydrologically connected based on hydrochemical evidence. It was found that the hydrochemical composition of the shallow groundwater is affected by the surface water and that the water quality of the deep groundwater is stable. However, inter-aquifer recharge processes from the shallow groundwater to the deep groundwater existed in the anthropogenic region impacted with high nitrate-ion concentrations. Also, the hydrochemical composition of the surface water and groundwater was dominated by rock-weathering and evaporation-precipitation processes. Due to the existence of the deep vadose zone in the alluvial fan, Na⁺ was exchanged into soil matrices during the leakage of the surface water. In addition, the transferred water resulted in surface water with good quality, and it also played as an important recharge source to groundwater. As the most important water resource for irrigation and drinking, deep groundwater should be paid more attention in the alluvial fan with frequent water transfer and extensive groundwater exploration.

地表水和地下水的水化学成分是了解水的演变及其质量的关键参数。特别是，关于转移水对地表水和地下水的影响知之甚少。在这项研究中，白洋淀被选为华北平原广泛的地下水勘探和地表水转移的典型地区。在干/湿季节对地表水和地下水样品进行采样，然后分别在调水之前/之后进行分析。通常，根据水化学证据，地表水和地下水在水文上有广泛的联系。发现浅层地下水的水化学成分受地表水影响，深层地下水的水质稳定。然而，在受高硝酸盐离子影响的人为区域中存在着从浅层地下水到深层地下水的含水层间补给过程。同样，地表水和地下水的水化学成分主要受岩石风化作用和蒸发沉淀作用的影响。由于冲积扇中存在深的渗流带，Na在地表水泄漏期间，⁺被交换为土壤基质。另外，转移的水产生了质量良好的地表水，并且它还作为地下水的重要补给源。作为灌溉和饮用水最重要的水资源，冲积扇中应注意深层地下水，因为这些层的水流转移频繁，地下水勘探范围广。