Despite dramatic advances in cancer research and therapy, breast cancer remains a tricky health problem and represents a top biomedical research priority. Nowadays, breast cancer is still the leading cause of malignancy-related deaths in women, and incidence and mortality rates of it are expected to increase significantly the next years. Currently more and more researchers are interested in the study of breast cancer by its arising in young women. The common treatment options of breast cancer are chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. Most of them require chemical agents, such as PARP inhibitors, CDK4/6 inhibitors, and HER2 inhibitors. Recent studies suggest that some targets or pathways, including BRD4, PLK1, PD-L1, HDAC, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, are tightly related to the occurrence and development of breast cancer. This article reviews the interplay between these targets and breast cancer and summarizes the progress of current research on small molecule inhibitors of these anti-breast cancer targets. The review aims to provide structural and theoretical basis for designing novel anti-breast cancer agents.

尽管在癌症研究和治疗方面取得了巨大进步，但是乳腺癌仍然是棘手的健康问题，并代表了生物医学研究的重中之重。如今，乳腺癌仍然是女性恶性肿瘤相关死亡的主要原因，并且其发病率和死亡率预计在未来几年会大大增加。当前，越来越多的研究人员对乳腺癌在年轻女性中的发生研究感兴趣。乳腺癌的常见治疗选择是化学疗法，免疫疗法，激素疗法，手术和放射疗法。它们中的大多数都需要化学试剂，例如PARP抑制剂，CDK4 / 6抑制剂和HER2抑制剂。最近的研究表明，某些靶标或途径，包括BRD4，PLK1，PD-L1，HDAC和PI3K / AKT / mTOR，与乳腺癌的发生和发展密切相关。本文回顾了这些靶标与乳腺癌之间的相互作用，并总结了有关这些抗乳腺癌靶标的小分子抑制剂的最新研究进展。该综述旨在为设计新型抗乳腺癌药物提供结构和理论基础。