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The effect of tourism on teleconnected ecosystem services and urban sustainability: An emergy approach
Ecological Modelling ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109343
Ying-Chieh Lee , Pei-Ting Liao

Abstract Tourism plays an increasingly critical role in national and urban economies. While tourist spending particularly benefits urban economies, the growth of urban tourism has gradually intensified cities’ reliance on external resources and significantly influenced resource-supplying areas. This study adopts the concept of urban land teleconnections (ULTs) to discuss how the cultural ecosystem services in the tourism industry have affected distant areas in general and how the increased tourist flow has intensified Taipei's dependence on external resources and challenged its urban sustainability in particular. An emergy-based analysis is conducted to evaluate the contribution of material flows triggered by urban tourism into the urban ecological-economic system and to demonstrate how urban tourism has increased the city's reliance on external distant areas. The analysis highlights the biophysical value created by external resources in the economic system. Driven by growing urban tourism during 2000–2016, Taipei witnessed considerable material inflow, including construction materials for newly built hotels, gasoline for sightseeing buses, food for tourists, and money through retail consumption. These material inflows are converted into emergy flows to analyze the effects of tourism-driven material flows on urban sustainability. The results show that emergy inflows driven by urban tourism considerably increased the flow of construction materials needed to build hotels to meet tourists’ accommodation needs. As a result, the total emergy driven by Taipei tourism increased fifteen-fold since 2000 and crested in 2015. However, the demand for tourism-related resources triggered changes in land use and land cover in distant resource-supplying areas. Such ULTs further contributed to unequal ecological exchanges. Our findings highlight the need for urban sustainability assessments to account for the impact of ULTs driven by urban tourism on distant resource-supplying areas. In addition, tourism planning and management should not be a facet but a core element of urban planning objectives.

中文翻译:

旅游业对远程连接的生态系统服务和城市可持续性的影响:一种能值方法

摘要 旅游业在国家和城市经济中发挥着越来越重要的作用。在旅游消费特别有利于城市经济的同时,城市旅游的增长逐渐加剧了城市对外部资源的依赖,对资源供给区产生了显着影响。本研究采用城市陆地遥相关(ULTs)的概念来讨论旅游业中的文化生态系统服务如何影响偏远地区,以及游客流量的增加如何加剧台北对外部资源的依赖,特别是挑战其城市可持续性。进行基于能值的分析,以评估城市旅游引发的物质流对城市生态经济系统的贡献,并展示城市旅游如何增加城市的“ 对外部偏远地区的依赖。分析强调了经济系统中外部资源创造的生物物理价值。2000-2016年间,在城市旅游增长的带动下,台北出现了大量的物质流入,包括新建酒店的建筑材料、观光巴士的汽油、游客的食物以及零售消费的资金。这些物质流入被转化为能值流,以分析旅游驱动的物质流对城市可持续性的影响。结果表明,城市旅游驱动的能值流入大大增加了建造酒店以满足游客住宿需求所需的建筑材料流量。结果,台北旅游业带动的总能值自 2000 年以来增长了 15 倍,并在 2015 年达到顶峰。 然而,对旅游相关资源的需求引发了遥远资源供应地区土地利用和土地覆盖的变化。这种 ULT 进一步加剧了不平等的生态交换。我们的研究结果强调了城市可持续性评估的必要性,以解释城市旅游驱动的 ULT 对遥远资源供应地区的影响。此外,旅游规划和管理不应该是城市规划目标的一个方面,而是一个核心要素。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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