Abstract Air-quality regulation was recently judged to be the most important ecosystem service (ES) provided by open landscape in Israel. However, the socioeconomic value of air-quality regulation (AQR) service may vary among the distinct landscape types providing it, especially where several drivers-of-change affect differently the ES flux at distinct ecosystem types. Using a choice experiment, we assessed directly and indirectly the value of AQR as reflected in the choice preferences towards AQR and towards the types of landscape that potentially provide it. We assessed (a) the value of AQR based on national and regional trade-off choices, (b) the interaction of the respondent's characteristics with the value domain, and (c) the effect of drivers of change on choice preferences. We found that both populations valued AQR above all other attributes, willing to pay $23 to $68 to preserve it. Furthermore, no-payment preferences were still aiming to preserve ES. However, the landscape preferences favoring the preservation of maquis shrubland may not sustain the desired AQR service levels and would require further land management decisions. Although estimating the effect of drivers-of-change on human wellbeing is still a challenge, assessing the change in the regulating services' value can support sustainable management practices.

中文翻译：

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空气质量监管服务的直接和间接评估，反映在对生物圈保护区不同类型景观的偏好中

摘要 空气质量调节最近被认为是以色列开放景观提供的最重要的生态系统服务 (ES)。然而，空气质量调节 (AQR) 服务的社会经济价值可能因提供它的不同景观类型而异，尤其是在几个变化驱动因素对不同生态系统类型的 ES 通量产生不同影响的情况下。使用选择实验，我们直接和间接评估了 AQR 的价值，反映在对 AQR 和可能提供它的景观类型的选择偏好中。我们评估了 (a) 基于国家和区域权衡选择的 AQR 的价值，(b) 受访者特征与价值领域的相互作用，以及 (c) 变化驱动因素对选择偏好的影响。我们发现两个人群都认为 AQR 高于所有其他属性，愿意支付 23 到 68 美元来保留它。此外，无支付偏好仍然旨在保留 ES。然而，有利于保护灌木丛的景观偏好可能无法维持所需的 AQR 服务水平，并且需要进一步的土地管理决策。尽管估计变化驱动因素对人类福祉的影响仍然是一个挑战，但评估调节服务价值的变化可以支持可持续管理实践。