Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease–reduction/oxidation factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1, also called APE1) is a multifunctional enzyme with crucial roles in DNA repair and reduction/oxidation (redox) signaling. APE1 was originally described as an endonuclease in the Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway. Further study revealed it to be a redox signaling hub regulating critical transcription factors (TFs). Although a significant amount of focus has been on the role of APE1 in cancer, recent findings support APE1 as a target in other indications, including ocular diseases [diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic macular edema (DME), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD)], inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and others, where APE1 regulation of crucial TFs impacts important pathways in these diseases. The central responsibilities of APE1 in DNA repair and redox signaling make it an attractive therapeutic target for cancer and other diseases.

无嘌呤/无嘧啶 (AP) 核酸内切酶还原/氧化因子 1 (APE1/Ref-1，也称为 APE1) 是一种多功能酶，在 DNA 修复和还原/氧化 (氧化还原) 信号传导中起关键作用。APE1 最初被描述为碱基切除修复 (BER) 途径中的核酸内切酶。进一步的研究表明，它是一个调节关键转录因子 (TF) 的氧化还原信号中枢。尽管 APE1 在癌症中的作用受到了大量关注，但最近的研究结果支持 APE1 作为其他适应症的靶点，包括眼部疾病 [糖尿病视网膜病变 (DR)、糖尿病性黄斑水肿 (DME) 和年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)]、炎症性肠病 (IBD) 等，其中 APE1 对关键 TF 的调节影响这些疾病的重要途径。