Lice (Phthiraptera) are highly specific insects organized into four suborders (Anoplura, amblycera, ischnocera and rhynchophthirina). Lice may affect human and animal health. Our objective was to study the bacterial community of lice collected in Algeria. Using molecular tools, we were able to identify by real time PCR the presence of Coxiella burnetii DNA in 1% (3/300) Linognathus africanus and in 0.3% (1/300) Linognathus vituli collected from goats and cattle respectively. We also detected the presence of Anaplasmataceae bacteria in Bovicola bovis, L. vituli from cattle and in L. africanus from goats. By standard PCR’s and sequencing, we were able to identify Anaplasma ovis in L. africanus as well as a novel Anaplasmataceae sp genotype corresponding probably to a new genus within this family.

虱子（Phthiraptera）是高度特异性的昆虫，分为四个亚目（Anoplura，Amblycera，Ischnocera和Rhynchophthirina）。虱子可能会影响人类和动物的健康。我们的目标是研究在阿尔及利亚收集的虱子的细菌群落。使用分子工具，我们能够通过实时PCR的存在，以确定贝氏柯克斯体DNA，在1％（300分之3）Linognathus非洲种和在0.3％（1/300）Linognathus vituli分别从山羊和牛收集。我们还检测到牛，葡萄中的维氏乳杆菌和山羊中的非洲乳杆菌中都存在无形杆菌科细菌。通过标准PCR的测序，我们能够确定无形体绵羊在非洲人L.africanus以及一种新的Anaplasmataceae sp基因型，可能对应于该家族中的一个新属。