Atmospheric particulate matter of two size fractions (i.e., PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) were sampled simultaneously at an urban site in Doha, Qatar, and characterized to measure chemical constituents (including trace elements, organic and elemental carbon (OC/EC), and water-soluble ions). The composition data were applied to mass closure analysis and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model along with detailed wind direction analysis for quantifying and identifying the probable sources of both PM size fractions. The average concentrations of PM_2.5 (40 μg m⁻³) and PM₁₀ (146 μg m⁻³) were greatly exceeded the WHO air quality thresholds for 78–92% of the sampling days. Mass closure indicated the predominance of secondary inorganic aerosol (39%) and EC (7%) in fine PM, while mineral dust contributes 50% to the total mass of coarse particles. PMF identified six major sources of fine and coarse PM, including secondary inorganic aerosols, vehicular emissions, heavy oil combustion, marine aerosols, mineral and fugitive dust. The wind direction analysis indicated that both local and regional sources impact Qatar's air quality attributed to specific wind conditions. Two main sources of heavy oil combustion and secondary aerosols are closely related to regional emissions from shipping vessels and the petrochemical industry in the Gulf region. The desert dust transport mixed with local re-suspended dust and sea-salt particles also contributes considerably to the local PM concentrations. The significant contributions of regional anthropogenic and natural emissions pose a significant challenge in meeting local PM standards, signifying the importance of regional collaboration for better control policies on reducing transboundary air pollution.

在卡塔尔多哈的一个城市地点同时采样了两个尺寸分数（即PM _2.5和PM ₁₀）的大气颗粒物，并对其特征进行了测量，以测量化学成分（包括痕量元素，有机和元素碳（OC / EC），以及水溶性离子）。将成分数据应用于质量封闭分析和正矩阵因式分解（PMF）模型，以及详细的风向分析，以量化和确定两种PM尺寸馏分的可能来源。平均浓度PM的_2.5（40微克米^-3）和PM ₁₀（146微克米^-3）在78-92％的采样日内大大超出了WHO的空气质量阈值。物质封闭表明，细颗粒粉末中次要无机气溶胶（39％）和EC（7％）占主导地位，而矿物粉尘占粗颗粒总质量的50％。PMF确定了六种主要的细颗粒和粗颗粒PM，包括二次无机气溶胶，车辆排放，重油燃烧，海洋气溶胶，矿物和短尘。风向分析表明，由于特定的风况，本地和区域性源头都会影响卡塔尔的空气质量。重油燃烧和二次气溶胶的两个主要来源与海湾地区船舶和石化行业的区域排放密切相关。沙漠尘埃运输与当地再悬浮的尘埃和海盐颗粒混合在一起，也对当地的PM浓度有很大贡献。区域人为和自然排放的重大贡献对满足当地PM标准提出了重大挑战，这表明区域合作对于制定更好的控制政策以减少跨界空气污染的重要性。