Abstract

Interspecific variations of legs’ morphometric signs have been investigated on 2885 individuals from 65 species of 22 genera of the family Dolichopodidae. Nine morphometric signs of legs, including lengths of femora, tibia, and first segment of tarsi have been measured, and the data on 12 relative signs have been obtained. The results of analysis of variance showed significant differences between the genera but not between the subfamilies. Most of the studied signs showed weak phylogenetic signal. Significant phylogenetic signal has been found in only one of the studied signs: the ratio of length of mid legs' femora and tibia. Principal component analysis revealed the set of characters most typical for the family representatives as well as two general trends in leg morphometry diversity: elongation of the first segment of the mid- and hind-legs and variation in the ratio of fore-, mid-, and hind-femora. Cluster analysis revealed three morphologically distinguishable species groups that also differed in terms of their microhabitats: Medetera-like species (lengths of fore-, mid-, and hind-femora are nearly equal), Hydrophorus-like species (mid- and hind-femora and tibia are significantly extended regarding the fore-femora and tibia), and Sciapus-like species (all first segments of tarsi are significantly extended). Each of the identified groups includes species belonging to different subfamilies. Therefore, the similarity in leg morphometry features in dolichopodids is supported to be related to convergent evolution and not to the presence of a common ancestor with a similar morphology.

中文翻译：

---

Do足科（双翅目）的腿节长度的形态变化

摘要

在来自Dolichopodidae科的22个属的65个物种的2885个个体上，研究了腿部形态特征的种间变化。已经测量了九个腿的形态学符号，包括股骨，胫骨的长度和睑板的第一节段，并获得了12个相对符号的数据。方差分析的结果表明，属之间存在显着差异，但亚科之间没有显着差异。大多数研究迹象表明系统发生信号较弱。仅在一种研究的体征中发现了重要的系统发育信号：中腿股骨与胫骨的长度之比。主成分分析揭示了家族代表最典型的字符集以及腿部形态多样性的两个总体趋势：中腿和后腿第一节的伸长以及前股，中股和后股之比的变化。聚类分析揭示了三个形态上可区分的物种组，它们的微生境也有所不同：Medetera样物质（fore-，中和后，股骨的长度几乎相等），Hydrophorus样物质（中期和后肢股骨和胫骨关于前后方向股骨和胫骨的显著延长），和Sciapus -相似的物种（tarsi的所有第一部分都显着延伸）。每个确定的组包括属于不同亚科的物种。因此，支持腹足类动物腿部形态特征的相似性与趋同进化有关，而与形态相似的共同祖先的存在无关。