Abstract

The mechanism of the azeotropy phenomenon has been established at a molecular level for the first time on the example of the HCOOH–H₂O system, which has an azeotropic region. The studies are based on the regularities of the formation of heteroassociates with strong hydrogen bonds in binary systems and on the assumption that both phases of a boiling azeotropic mixture are composed of the same heteroassociates. It has been established that an aqueous formic acid solution is azeotropic if the heteroassociates composing this solution at room temperature are converted under heating into the most stable of possible heteroassociates 2НСООН ∙ 2Н₂О and 2НСООН ∙ Н₂О, which are retained at boiling temperature. Such restructuring in the solution leads to the maximum strengthening of intermolecular interactions and occurs with minimum energy expenditures.

中文翻译：

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甲酸水溶液中的共沸现象机理

摘要

在具有共沸区域的HCOOH-H ₂ O系统的例子中，共沸现象的机理首次在分子水平上建立。该研究基于二元体系中具有强氢键的杂缔合物的形成规律，并基于沸腾共沸混合物的两相均由相同的杂缔合物组成的假设。已经确定的是一个甲酸水溶液是共沸如果构成在室温下向该溶液中heteroassociates在加热下转化成可能heteroassociates最稳定2НСООН∙2Н ₂ О和2НСООН∙Н ₂О，保留在沸腾温度下。溶液中的这种重组导致分子间相互作用的最大增强，并且以最小的能量消耗发生。