Abstract

The porous structure and sorption properties of carbon materials produced by thermochemical activation of the bast of birch bark with potassium hydroxide at 800°C have been studied. The effect of the amount of introduced KOH on the specific surface area of carbon materials obtained from bast was established. The selection of the optimal conditions for the preliminary carbonization of the bast was carried out, providing after thermal activation with KOH the formation of porous carbon materials with a specific surface of up to 2469 m² g^–1, a total pore volume of up to 1.085 cm³ g^–1, a micropore volume of up to 0.84 cm³ g^–1, and an average size pores less than 2.0 nm. It is shown that preliminary carbonization of bast at 500–580°С and subsequent activation with KOH at 800°С shifts the pore distribution in the resulting carbon materials towards smaller sizes (0.5–1.0 nm). It was found that carbon materials produced from heat-treated birch bast have a sorption activity for benzene, which exceeds the performance of foreign industrial carbon sorbents by 2.4 times and domestic active carbons of SKT-3 and SKT-10 grades by 3.4 times. Pre-carbonization of birch bast increases the yield of porous carbon materials by a factor of 3–4 compared to their yield when using untreated bast.

中文翻译：

---

白桦皮韧皮热化学转化，多孔碳材料结构与性能的研究

摘要

研究了800℃下用氢氧化钾对桦树皮韧皮进行热化学活化而得到的碳材料的多孔结构和吸附性能。确定了引入的KOH的量对从韧皮获得的碳材料的比表面积的影响。进行了韧皮初步碳化的最佳条件的选择，在用KOH热活化后，形成比表面积最大为2469 m ² g ^–1的多孔碳材料，最大孔容为1.085 cm ³ g ^–1，微孔体积最大为0.84 cm ³ g ^–1，平均孔径小于2.0 nm。结果表明，韧皮在500–580°С处初步碳化，然后在800°С被KOH活化，从而使所得碳材料中的孔分布向较小尺寸（0.5–1.0 nm）移动。结果发现，由桦木经热处理的韧皮产生的碳材料对苯的吸附活性比国外工业碳吸附剂的性能高2.4倍，比国内SKT-3和SKT-10级活性炭的性能高3.4倍。桦木韧皮的预碳化与使用未经处理的韧皮相比，将多孔碳材料的产量提高了3-4倍。