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Estimating hardness and density of wood and charcoal by near-infrared spectroscopy
Wood Science and Technology ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 , DOI: 10.1007/s00226-020-01232-y
Raul de Abreu Neto , Fernanda Maria Guedes Ramalho , Lívia Ribeiro Costa , Paulo Ricardo Gherardi Hein

Hardness has been considered an important indicator of wood quality and presents a high correlation with density, and, as far as the authors know, there is no specific methodology to evaluate the hardness of charcoal. In this context, it is necessary to develop a reliable and efficient methodology to classify charcoal mechanical properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish multivariate models to estimate dynamic hardness and density of wood and charcoal based on near-infrared spectra. For this, nine wood specimens were examined and pyrolyzed at 300, 450, 600 and 750 °C. The density of wood and charcoal was determined according to standard NBR 11941 (2003) and hydrostatic method, respectively. Dynamic hardness of wood and charcoal was determined by an automated portable hardness tester. Materials submitted to thermal treatment have different spectral signatures compared to those obtained by the wood. Charcoals produced at temperatures of 450, 600 and 750 °C exhibit similar behaviour, with low absorbance compared to wood and thermally treated material at 300 °C, indicating homogenization of charcoal caused by pyrolysis temperature. NIR spectroscopy was able to estimate density and dynamic hardness of wood and charcoal. Charcoal produced at 450 °C obtained a model with highest coefficient of determination and smaller errors. The results show the potential of NIR technology for fast and reliable estimation of physical and mechanical properties of charcoal based on spectra recorded on charcoal and even from wood before pyrolysis.

中文翻译:

通过近红外光谱估计木材和木炭的硬度和密度

硬度一直被认为是木材质量的重要指标,与密度有很高的相关性,据作者所知,目前还没有具体的方法来评估木炭的硬度。在这种情况下,有必要开发一种可靠且有效的方法来对木炭的机械性能进行分类。因此,本研究的目的是建立多变量模型,以基于近红外光谱估计木材和木炭的动态硬度和密度。为此,在 300、450、600 和 750 °C 下对九个木材样品进行了检查和热解。木材和木炭的密度分别根据标准 NBR 11941 (2003) 和流体静力法测定。木材和木炭的动态硬度由自动便携式硬度测试仪测定。与木材获得的材料相比,经过热处理的材料具有不同的光谱特征。在 450、600 和 750 °C 的温度下生产的木炭表现出类似的行为,与木材和 300 °C 下的热处理材料相比具有较低的吸光度,表明热解温度导致木炭均质化。近红外光谱能够估计木材和木炭的密度和动态硬度。在 450 °C 下生产的木炭获得的模型具有最高的决定系数和较小的误差。结果显示了 NIR 技术的潜力,可以根据在木炭上记录的光谱,甚至从热解前的木材中记录的光谱,快速可靠地估计木炭的物理和机械特性。在 450、600 和 750 °C 的温度下生产的木炭表现出类似的行为,与木材和 300 °C 下的热处理材料相比具有较低的吸光度,表明热解温度导致木炭均质化。近红外光谱能够估计木材和木炭的密度和动态硬度。在 450 °C 下生产的木炭获得的模型具有最高的决定系数和较小的误差。结果显示了 NIR 技术的潜力,可以根据在木炭上记录的光谱,甚至从热解前的木材中记录的光谱,快速可靠地估计木炭的物理和机械特性。在 450、600 和 750 °C 的温度下生产的木炭表现出类似的行为,与木材和 300 °C 下的热处理材料相比具有较低的吸光度,表明热解温度导致木炭均质化。近红外光谱能够估计木材和木炭的密度和动态硬度。在 450 °C 下生产的木炭获得的模型具有最高的决定系数和较小的误差。结果显示了 NIR 技术的潜力,可以根据在木炭上记录的光谱,甚至从热解前的木材中记录的光谱,快速可靠地估计木炭的物理和机械特性。近红外光谱能够估计木材和木炭的密度和动态硬度。在 450 °C 下生产的木炭获得的模型具有最高的决定系数和较小的误差。结果显示了 NIR 技术的潜力,可以根据在木炭上记录的光谱,甚至从热解前的木材中记录的光谱,快速可靠地估计木炭的物理和机械特性。近红外光谱能够估计木材和木炭的密度和动态硬度。在 450 °C 下生产的木炭获得的模型具有最高的决定系数和较小的误差。结果显示了 NIR 技术的潜力,可以根据记录在木炭上甚至热解前的木材上的光谱快速可靠地估计木炭的物理和机械特性。
更新日期:2020-10-28
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