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Are vascular epiphytes in urban green areas subject to the homogenization of biodiversity? A case study in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Urban Ecosystems ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-27 , DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-01070-7
Francine Seehaber Alvim , Samyra Gomes Furtado , Luiz Menini Neto

Urbanization is a disturbance process that can select species and result in biodiversity homogenization. Despite this, urban green areas shelter nature and are also important to human welfare. Epiphytes are an important functional group present in such areas, that are rarely studied. We evaluated the vascular epiphytic component in 26 urban green areas in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and tested hypotheses related to the anthropogenic disturbances: 1) the community of epiphytes in urban green areas presents low richness and diversity of species; 2) there is low beta diversity due to flora homogenization represented by a reduced set of more tolerant species to disturbance. A total of 2288 trees (1563 representing phorophytes) and 110 epiphytic species were sampled. Six species were dominant, resulting in low diversity values, but some green areas had relatively high richness. The similarity found between the majority of the sampled areas suggests that epiphytic flora is subject to homogenization due to environmental filters. We found a high richness of species without adaptations to the epiphytic lifeform (accidental epiphytes) (42% of total sampled). Some results suggest that more comprehensive ecological and/or floristic studies about the epiphytes in the urban environment are necessary, such as Orchidaceae as the second richest family (since it is often poor in urban areas). More information about the species distribution patterns are necessary, both regarding the anthropized environments and the relationships with exotic or native phorophytes, as well as to enhance the knowledge of the ecological functions played by the epiphytes in these places.



中文翻译:

城市绿地中的维管附生植物是否受到生物多样性同质化的影响?以巴西大西洋森林为例

城市化是一个干扰过程,可以选择物种并导致生物多样性均质化。尽管如此,城市绿化区还是自然保护区,对人类福祉也很重要。附生植物是在此类区域中存在的重要功能组,很少研究。我们评估了巴西大西洋森林中26个城市绿地中的血管附生成分,并检验了与人为干扰有关的假设:1)城市绿地中附生植物群落的物种丰富度和多样性较低;2)由于菌群同质化,β多样性较低,表现为对耐受性的耐受性降低了。总共采样了2288棵树(1563个代表自生植物)和110个附生树种。六种为优势种,导致多样性值低,但是一些绿地的丰富度较高。大多数采样区域之间的相似性表明,附生菌群由于环境过滤器而受到均质化作用。我们发现物种丰富度很高,没有适应附生生物(偶然的附生植物)(占采样总数的42%)。一些结果表明,有必要对城市环境中的附生植物进行更全面的生态和/或植物学研究,例如兰科是第二富裕家庭(因为在城市地区通常是贫穷的)。需要更多有关物种分布模式的信息,既涉及人工环境,也涉及与外来或本地生植物的关系,以及增强对这些地方附生植物所发挥的生态功能的认识。

更新日期:2020-10-30
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