Abstract

The plasma membrane is a dynamic lipid bilayer that engages with the extracellular microenvironment and intracellular cytoskeleton. Caveolae are distinct plasma membrane invaginations lined by integral membrane proteins Caveolin1, 2, and 3. Caveolae formation and stability is further supported by additional proteins including Cavin1, EHD2, Pacsin2 and ROR1. The lipid composition of caveolar membranes, rich in cholesterol and phosphatidylserine, actively contributes to caveolae formation and function. Post-translational modifications of Cav1, including its phosphorylation of the tyrosine-14 residue (pY14Cav1) are vital to its function in and out of caveolae. Cells that experience significant mechanical stress are seen to have abundant caveolae. They play a vital role in regulating cellular signaling and endocytosis, which could further affect the abundance and distribution of caveolae at the PM, contributing to sensing and/or buffering mechanical stress. Changes in membrane tension in cells responding to multiple mechanical stimuli affects the organization and function of caveolae. These mechanical cues regulate pY14Cav1 levels and function in caveolae and focal adhesions. This review, along with looking at the mechanosensitive nature of caveolae, focuses on the role of pY14Cav1 in regulating cellular mechanotransduction.

Graphic Abstract

中文翻译：

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Caveolin1 Tyrosine-14 磷酸化：在细胞对机械信号的反应中的作用

摘要

质膜是一种动态的脂质双层，与细胞外微环境和细胞内细胞骨架相结合。Caveolae 是独特的质膜内陷，内衬完整的膜蛋白 Caveolin1、2 和 3。Caveolae 的形成和稳定性得到了其他蛋白质的进一步支持，包括 Cavin1、EHD2、Pacsin2 和 ROR1。小窝膜的脂质成分富含胆固醇和磷脂酰丝氨酸，积极促进小窝的形成和功能。Cav1 的翻译后修饰，包括其酪氨酸 14 残基 (pY14Cav1) 的磷酸化对其在细胞膜穴样凹陷内外的功能至关重要。经历显着机械应力的细胞被视为具有丰富的小窝。它们在调节细胞信号和内吞作用中起着至关重要的作用，这可能会进一步影响 PM 处小窝的丰度和分布，有助于传感和/或缓冲机械应力。对多种机械刺激作出反应的细胞膜张力的变化会影响小窝的组织和功能。这些机械线索调节 pY14Cav1 水平和在小窝和粘着斑中的功能。本综述连同着眼于小窝的机械敏感性性质，重点关注 pY14Cav1 在调节细胞机械转导中的作用。

图形摘要