The Pannonian Basin in southeastern Europe is heavily used for rain-fed agriculture. The region experienced several droughts in the last years, causing major yield losses. Ongoing climate change, characterised by increasing temperatures and potential evapotranspiration, and by changes in precipitation distribution will likely increase the frequency and intensity of drought episodes in the future. Hence, ongoing monitoring of droughts and estimation of their impact on agriculture is necessary to adapt agricultural practices to changing weather and climate extremes. Several regional initiatives, projects and online tools have been established to facilitate drought monitoring and management in the Pannonian Basin. However, reliable systems to forecast potential drought impacts on plant productivity and agricultural yields at monthly to seasonal scales are only in their infancy, as plant response to climatic extremes is still poorly understood. With the increasing availability of high-resolution and long-term Earth Observation (EO) data and recent progress in machine learning and artificial intelligence, further improvements in drought monitoring and impact prediction capacities are expected. Here we review the current state of drought monitoring in the Pannonian Basin, identify EO-based variables to potentially improve regional drought impact monitoring and outline future perspectives for seasonal forecasts of drought impacts on agriculture.

欧洲东南部的Pannonian盆地大量用于雨养农业。在过去的几年中，该地区经历了几次干旱，造成了单产的严重损失。持续不断的气候变化，其特征在于温度升高和潜在的蒸散量，以及降水分布的变化，将来很可能会增加干旱发生的频率和强度。因此，有必要对干旱进行持续监测并估算其对农业的影响，以使农业做法适应不断变化的天气和气候极端情况。已经建立了一些区域性举措，项目和在线工具，以促进Pannonian盆地的干旱监测和管理。然而，可靠的系统仅在初期阶段就可以预测干旱对植物生产力和农业单产的潜在潜在影响，因为人们对植物对气候极端事件的反应仍知之甚少。随着高分辨率和长期地球观测（EO）数据的可用性增加以及机器学习和人工智能的最新进展，预计干旱监测和影响预测能力将进一步提高。在这里，我们回顾了Pannonian盆地干旱监测的现状，确定了基于EO的变量以潜在改善区域干旱影响监测，并概述了干旱对农业的季节性预测的未来前景。随着高分辨率和长期地球观测（EO）数据的可用性增加以及机器学习和人工智能的最新进展，预计干旱监测和影响预测能力将进一步提高。在这里，我们回顾了Pannonian盆地的干旱监测现状，确定了基于EO的变量以潜在地改善区域干旱影响监测，并概述了干旱对农业的季节性预测的未来前景。随着高分辨率和长期地球观测（EO）数据的可用性增加以及机器学习和人工智能的最新进展，预计干旱监测和影响预测能力将进一步提高。在这里，我们回顾了Pannonian盆地的干旱监测现状，确定了基于EO的变量以潜在地改善区域干旱影响监测，并概述了干旱对农业的季节性预测的未来前景。