Changes in precipitation pattern have been associated with global warming and is of more importance particularly for monsoon dependent regions such as India, which receives maximum rainfall from south-west monsoon. Indian land mass is surrounded by ocean from three sides named Arabian Sea (AS), Bay of Bengal (BOB) and rest of the Indian Ocean (IO) which makes its climate more sensitive. To understand the effect of global warming, long term (1960–2017) annually averaged in-situ sea surface temperature (SST) is studied which shows an increasing trend (~ 0.11 °C/decade; P < 0.05) with higher variations (r2AS = 0.46; r2BOB = 0.43) over AS and BOB whereas comparatively lower in magnitude (~ 0.14 °C/decade; P < 0.05) with less variation (r2IO = 0.74) over IO. Rise in SST could vary evaporation rate, moisture content, cloud temperature and initial conditions required for cloud formation. To understand this heterogeneity in conjunction with seasonal variation, present study correlates cloud microphysical properties such as cloud effective radius (CER) with SST and aerosol optical depth (AOD) at high-resolution (1° × 1°) using linear interpolation method during 2001–2016. Features of north-east monsoon captures with high (~ 0.006–0.012 kg/kg) specific humidity at 850 hPa, positive correlation (~ 0.1–0.8) of SST-CER and negative correlation (~ − 0.1 to ~ − 0.8) of AOD–CER over BOB which may imply formation of bigger droplets due to presence of more moisture and less AOD. Though these patches show prominent results, it also shows scattered interpolation signifying role of other parameters on CER. Findings would be promising with more parameters, which can be used as an input data in climate models to understand regional climate variability.

中文翻译：

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海洋变暖对印度和邻近海洋区域云特性的影响

降水模式的变化与全球变暖有关，尤其对于依赖季风的地区，如印度，从西南季风中获得最大降雨量的地区更为重要。印度陆地被阿拉伯海 (AS)、孟加拉湾 (BOB) 和印度洋其他地区 (IO) 的三边海洋环绕，这使其气候更加敏感。为了了解全球变暖的影响，研究了长期（1960-2017）年平均原位海面温度（SST），该温度显示出增加趋势（~0.11°C/十年；P < 0.05），变化较大（r2AS = 0.46；r2BOB = 0.43) 超过 AS 和 BOB，而相对于 IO 的幅度相对较低（~ 0.14 °C/decade；P < 0.05），变化较小（r2IO = 0.74）。SST 的升高可能会改变蒸发率、水分含量、云形成所需的云温度和初始条件。为了理解这种与季节变化相关的异质性，本研究在 2001 年期间使用线性插值方法将云微物理特性（例如云有效半径 (CER) 与 SST 和气溶胶光学深度 (AOD) 的高分辨率 (1° × 1°) 相关联） –2016 年。850 hPa 高 (~ 0.006–0.012 kg/kg) 比湿度的东北季风捕获特征，SST-CER 的正相关 (~ 0.1–0.8) 和 AOD 的负相关 (~ − 0.1 到 ~ − 0.8) – CER 超过 BOB，这可能意味着由于存在更多水分和更少 AOD，因此会形成更大的液滴。尽管这些补丁显示出突出的结果，但它也显示了其他参数对 CER 的分散插值作用。如果有更多参数，结果会很有希望，