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Does spatiotemporal nutrient variation allow more species to coexist?
Oecologia ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-24 , DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04768-9
Josie Antonucci Di Carvalho , Stephen A. Wickham

Temporal heterogeneity in nutrient availability is known to increase phytoplankton diversity by allowing more species to coexist under different resource niches. Spatial heterogeneity has also been positively correlated with species diversity. Here we investigated how temporal and spatial differences in nutrient addition together impact biodiversity in metacommunities varying in the degree of connectivity among the patches. We used a microcosm experimental design to test two spatiotemporal ways of supplying nutrients: synchronously (nutrients were added regionally—to all four patches at the same time) and asynchronously (nutrients were added locally—to a different patch each time), combined with two different degrees of connectivity among the patches (low or high connectivity). We used three species of algae and one species of cyanobacteria as the primary producers; and five ciliate and two rotifer species as the grazers. We expected higher diversity in metacommunities receiving an asynchronous nutrient supply, assuming stronger development of heterogeneous patches with this condition rather than with synchronous nutrient supply. This result was expected, however, to be dependent on the degree of connectivity among patches. We found significant effects of nutrient addition in both groups of organisms. Phytoplankton diversity increased until the fourth week (transiently) and zooplankton richness was persistently higher under asynchronous nutrient addition. Our results were consistent with our hypothesis that asynchronicity in nutrient supply would create a more favorable condition for species to co-occur. However, this effect was, in part, transient and was not influenced by the degree of connectivity.



中文翻译:

时空养分变化是否允许更多物种共存?

通过允许更多物种在不同的资源生态位下共存,养分可利用性的时间异质性增加了浮游植物的多样性。空间异质性也与物种多样性成正相关。在这里,我们调查了养分添加的时空差异如何共同影响斑块之间连通程度不同的元社区的生物多样性。我们使用微观实验设计来测试两种时空供应养分的方式:同步(将养分在区域内添加-同时添加到所有四个补丁中)和异步(养分在本地添加-每次都添加到不同的补丁中),并结合两种补丁之间的连接程度不同(低或高连接)。我们使用了三种藻类和一种蓝藻作为主要生产者。和五个纤毛虫和两个轮虫种类作为放牧者。我们假设接受异步营养供应的元社区的多样性更高,假设在这种情况下异质斑块的发展比同步营养供应更强。但是,预期此结果取决于补丁之间的连接程度。我们发现两组生物体中营养添加的显着影响。浮游植物的多样性一直增加到第四周(暂时),并且在异步添加营养的情况下,浮游动物的丰富度持续升高。我们的结果与我们的假设一致,即养分供应的异步性将为物种共生创造更有利的条件。然而,

更新日期:2020-10-30
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