High-energy consumption in primary aluminum production (from bauxite ores) makes secondary aluminum production (from metallic raw materials such as scrap and dross) very critical. Aluminum dross, as a waste, arises in pyrometallurgical processes, and it is the mixture of metallic Al, Al 2 O 3 , other metal oxides, metal halides, and some other compounds like AlN. Aluminum dross has two subgroups (white and black) with respect to its metallic aluminum content. White dross is a secondary aluminum resource because of its high metallic aluminum content, whereas black dross, having low metallic aluminum content, is generally disposed in dumping areas. In the present study, it was aimed to develop a simple technique to valorize aluminum black dross in the form of alumina-based ceramic materials through pyrometallurgical (calcination) and hydrometallurgical (leaching) operations. Moreover, thermochemical simulations were conducted by using HSC Chemistry 6.12 software to simulate calcination conditions. After leaching experiments, an alumina-based ceramic containing approximately 36.8% Al 2 O 3 , 61.4% MgAl 2 O 4 with 1.8% Na 2 FeO 4 , which might be available to use as a spinel refractory in steel smelting furnaces, was obtained in the experiment carried out in a solution containing 10 mL H 2 SO 4 and 40 mL distilled water (3.5 M). Moreover, the sinterability of the alumina-based ceramic was investigated at the temperatures from 1350 to 1550 °C. In the sample which was sintered at 1550 °C, a density value of 3.15 g cm −3 and a hardness value of 69.58 HV were measured.

中文翻译：

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铝黑渣制备氧化铝基陶瓷的研究

原铝生产（来自铝土矿）的高能耗使得再生铝的生产（来自金属原材料，如废料和浮渣）非常关键。铝渣是火法冶金过程中产生的一种废物，它是金属 Al、Al 2 O 3 、其他金属氧化物、金属卤化物和一些其他化合物（如 AlN）的混合物。铝渣就其金属铝含量而言有两个亚组（白色和黑色）。白渣是一种再生铝资源，因为其金属铝含量高，而黑渣，金属铝含量低，通常在倾倒区处置。在目前的研究中，其目的是开发一种简单的技术，通过火法冶金（煅烧）和湿法冶金（浸出）操作以氧化铝基陶瓷材料的形式对铝黑浮渣进行增值。此外，通过使用 HSC Chemistry 6.12 软件模拟煅烧条件进行了热化学模拟。经过浸出实验，得到了氧化铝基陶瓷，其中含有约 36.8% Al 2 O 3 、61.4% MgAl 2 O 4 和 1.8% Na 2 FeO 4 ，可用作炼钢炉中的尖晶石耐火材料。该实验在含有 10 mL H 2 SO 4 和 40 mL 蒸馏水 (3.5 M) 的溶液中进行。此外，还研究了氧化铝基陶瓷在 1350 至 1550 °C 的温度下的可烧结性。在 1550 °C 下烧结的样品中，密度值为 3。