The growing intensity of anthropogenic activities has led to an increase in the number of studies assessing the effects of stressors on marine ecosystems. Yet, the cumulative effects of multiple stressors are rarely studied although they seldom operate in isolation of each other. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of multiple stressors on fish assemblages in a series of semi-enclosed bays. We quantified fish assemblages using baited remote underwater video across five sites with varying environmental and anthropogenic stressors. We also sampled across two seasons and in protected and unprotected areas. We found that fish assemblages were most influenced by effluent input and aquaculture, but not fishing pressure. Relief, season, salinity, and pH were also included in the best model highlighting the importance of environmental variables in structuring fish assemblages. Total abundance was not affected by anthropogenic stressors but individual species showed variable responses from reduced abundance (e.g. Neoodax balteatus and Cyanea rosella) to increased abundances (e.g. Arripis spp.). We found no evidence that increased number or intensity of stressors affected overall fish abundance or diversity. Our findings highlight the diverse effects anthropogenic stressors can have on fishes with both environmental and anthropogenic influences playing a role in structuring fish assemblages over both short temporal and spatial scales.

中文翻译：

---

研究多种压力源对半封闭海湾中鱼类组合的累积影响

人为活动强度的增加导致评估压力源对海洋生态系统影响的研究数量增加。然而，虽然多种压力源很少独立运作，但很少研究它们的累积效应。我们的研究旨在调查多种压力因素对一系列半封闭海湾中鱼类组合的影响。我们使用带有不同环境和人为压力源的五个地点的诱饵远程水下视频量化鱼类组合。我们还在两个季节以及保护区和非保护区进行了采样。我们发现鱼类群落受污水输入和水产养殖的影响最大，但不受捕捞压力的影响。救济，季节，盐度，和 pH 值也包含在最佳模型中，突出了环境变量在构建鱼类组合中的重要性。总丰度不受人为压力因素的影响，但个别物种表现出从丰度减少（例如 Neoodax balteatus 和 Cyanea rosella）到丰度增加（例如 Arripis spp.）的不同反应。我们没有发现任何证据表明压力源的数量或强度增加会影响整体鱼类的丰度或多样性。我们的研究结果强调了人为压力源对鱼类的多种影响，环境和人为影响在短时间和空间尺度上的鱼类组合结构中发挥作用。总丰度不受人为压力因素的影响，但个别物种表现出从丰度减少（例如 Neoodax balteatus 和 Cyanea rosella）到丰度增加（例如 Arripis spp.）的不同反应。我们没有发现任何证据表明压力源的数量或强度增加会影响整体鱼类的丰度或多样性。我们的研究结果强调了人为压力源对鱼类的多种影响，环境和人为影响在短时间和空间尺度上的鱼类组合结构中发挥作用。总丰度不受人为压力因素的影响，但个别物种表现出从丰度减少（例如 Neoodax balteatus 和 Cyanea rosella）到丰度增加（例如 Arripis spp.）的不同反应。我们没有发现任何证据表明压力源的数量或强度增加会影响整体鱼类的丰度或多样性。我们的研究结果强调了人为压力源对鱼类的多种影响，环境和人为影响在短时间和空间尺度上的鱼类组合结构中发挥作用。