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Genetic diversity and population structure of the grey wolf (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) and evidence of wolf × dog hybridisation in the centre of European Russia
Mammalian Biology ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-27 , DOI: 10.1007/s42991-020-00074-2 Miroslav P. Korablev , Nikolay P. Korablev , Pavel N. Korablev
Mammalian Biology ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-27 , DOI: 10.1007/s42991-020-00074-2 Miroslav P. Korablev , Nikolay P. Korablev , Pavel N. Korablev
Throughout history the human–wolf interaction has not evolved in favour of the wolf, however, wolves have never been endangered in Russia. The wolf (Canis lupus lupus L., 1758) population in the central part of European Russia is relatively high, where environmental conditions, such as relatively undisturbed habitats, wide forested areas and abundance of natural prey, have always contributed to the long-term survival of the species. The human persecution of wolves has resulted in almost total extinction of the species in many European countries. In Russia, extermination campaigns have led to severe fluctuations in the number of wolves during the second half of the twentieth century, however, since the early 1990s there has been a tendency towards constant growth in the numbers. Previous studies provided preliminary data on population genetics of the wolf population in European Russia and have generally shown homogeneity of the population structure as well as detecting genetic bottleneck. However, the comprehensive study of genetic diversity and population structure during the period following the last severe decline is of great interest. Another important aspect in the study of wolf populations is the assessment of the magnitude of wolf × dog hybridisation, which is a phenomenon of conservation and social significance. We used 101 samples from the wolf population and 32 dogs to examine population structure, genetic diversity and events of interspecific hybridisation in the centre of European Russia, based on analysis of 11 autosomal microsatellites. In the studied region, wolves exhibit a high level of genetic diversity (HE = 0.79 ± 0.03, HO = 0.74 ± 0.01, NA = 10.00 ± 5.02) which is superior to that in most European populations. Analysis of temporal samples suggests a slight increase in heterozygosity over time, although in the first period following population decline, the level of genetic diversity is not depleted. We found a lack of spatial structure and a weak pattern of isolation by distance (b = − 0.007, P < 0.001), which are clear cases of intense gene flow and social organisation of the species. Our preliminary results suggest a relatively low rate of hybridisation in the studied region (around 3%), however, additional studies are needed to provide more reliable conclusions on this topic. This paper is the first attempt at both a detailed study of spatio-temporal population genetics and analysis of hybridisation in the wolves of Central Russia.
中文翻译:
灰狼(Canis lupus Linnaeus,1758)的遗传多样性和种群结构以及俄罗斯欧洲中部狼×狗杂交的证据
纵观历史,人狼互动并没有进化出有利于狼的方式,然而,狼在俄罗斯从未濒临灭绝。俄罗斯欧洲中部的狼(Canis lupus lupus L.,1758)种群数量相对较多,这里的环境条件,如相对未受干扰的栖息地、广阔的森林地区和丰富的自然猎物,长期物种的生存。人类对狼的迫害已导致该物种在许多欧洲国家几乎完全灭绝。在俄罗斯,20 世纪下半叶的灭绝运动导致狼的数量出现严重波动,然而,自 1990 年代初以来,数量呈持续增长趋势。先前的研究提供了俄罗斯欧洲狼群的种群遗传学的初步数据,并且普遍显示了种群结构的同质性以及检测到遗传瓶颈。然而,在最后一次严重衰退之后的时期内,对遗传多样性和种群结构的综合研究具有重要意义。狼种群研究的另一个重要方面是评估狼与狗杂交的程度,这是一种具有保护和社会意义的现象。基于对 11 个常染色体微卫星的分析,我们使用了来自狼群和 32 只狗的 101 个样本来检查俄罗斯欧洲中心的种群结构、遗传多样性和种间杂交事件。在研究区域,狼表现出高水平的遗传多样性(HE = 0.79 ± 0.03, H O = 0.74 ± 0.01, NA = 10.00 ± 5.02),优于大多数欧洲种群。对时间样本的分析表明,杂合度随时间略有增加,尽管在人口下降后的第一阶段,遗传多样性水平并未耗尽。我们发现缺乏空间结构和距离隔离较弱的模式(b = - 0.007,P < 0.001),这是该物种强烈基因流动和社会组织的明显例子。我们的初步结果表明,研究区域的杂交率相对较低(约 3%),但是,需要更多的研究来提供关于该主题的更可靠的结论。
更新日期:2020-10-27
中文翻译:
灰狼(Canis lupus Linnaeus,1758)的遗传多样性和种群结构以及俄罗斯欧洲中部狼×狗杂交的证据
纵观历史,人狼互动并没有进化出有利于狼的方式,然而,狼在俄罗斯从未濒临灭绝。俄罗斯欧洲中部的狼(Canis lupus lupus L.,1758)种群数量相对较多,这里的环境条件,如相对未受干扰的栖息地、广阔的森林地区和丰富的自然猎物,长期物种的生存。人类对狼的迫害已导致该物种在许多欧洲国家几乎完全灭绝。在俄罗斯,20 世纪下半叶的灭绝运动导致狼的数量出现严重波动,然而,自 1990 年代初以来,数量呈持续增长趋势。先前的研究提供了俄罗斯欧洲狼群的种群遗传学的初步数据,并且普遍显示了种群结构的同质性以及检测到遗传瓶颈。然而,在最后一次严重衰退之后的时期内,对遗传多样性和种群结构的综合研究具有重要意义。狼种群研究的另一个重要方面是评估狼与狗杂交的程度,这是一种具有保护和社会意义的现象。基于对 11 个常染色体微卫星的分析,我们使用了来自狼群和 32 只狗的 101 个样本来检查俄罗斯欧洲中心的种群结构、遗传多样性和种间杂交事件。在研究区域,狼表现出高水平的遗传多样性(HE = 0.79 ± 0.03, H O = 0.74 ± 0.01, NA = 10.00 ± 5.02),优于大多数欧洲种群。对时间样本的分析表明,杂合度随时间略有增加,尽管在人口下降后的第一阶段,遗传多样性水平并未耗尽。我们发现缺乏空间结构和距离隔离较弱的模式(b = - 0.007,P < 0.001),这是该物种强烈基因流动和社会组织的明显例子。我们的初步结果表明,研究区域的杂交率相对较低(约 3%),但是,需要更多的研究来提供关于该主题的更可靠的结论。