Landslides falling into water can trigger tsunamis, which are particularly destructive in the proximity of the landslide impact and in narrow water bodies. The energy transfer mechanism between landslide and water wave is complex, but its understanding is of fundamental importance for the numerical modeling which aims to predict the induced wave hazard. In order to study the involved physical processes, we set up an experimental facility consisting of a landslide generator releasing gravel at high speed in a wave basin. With the aim of estimating the landslide–wave energy transfer, we implemented a simplified 1D conceptual model of landslide motion, including the 3D landslide deformations. We optimized the model with the experimental results. The model results explain that the deformable landslide has an average drag coefficient of 1.26 and a relatively inefficient energy transfer from landslide to wave. Of the landslide energy at impact, the 52% is dissipated by Coulomb basal friction between the slide and the water basin bottom, 42% is dissipated by other processes, including turbulence, and only the remaining 6% is transferred to the wave thus formed.

中文翻译：

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由数据驱动、基于物理的数值模型解释从颗粒滑坡到水体的能量转移

落入水中的滑坡会引发海啸，这在滑坡影响附近和狭窄的水体中尤其具有破坏性。滑坡与水波之间的能量传递机制复杂，但其理解对于旨在预测诱发波危害的数值模拟具有根本重要性。为了研究所涉及的物理过程，我们建立了一个实验设施，由一个滑坡发生器在波浪盆地中高速释放砾石。为了估计滑坡-波浪能量转移，我们实施了滑坡运动的简化 1D 概念模型，包括 3D 滑坡变形。我们根据实验结果对模型进行了优化。模型结果解释了可变形滑坡的平均阻力系数为 1。26 以及从滑坡到波浪的相对低效的能量转移。在撞击时的滑坡能量中，52% 被滑坡与水盆底部之间的库仑基础摩擦耗散，42% 被其他过程耗散，包括湍流，只有剩下的 6% 被转移到由此形成的波浪中。