Land-use planning is an important policy instrument for governing landscapes to achieve multifunctionality in rural areas. This paper presents a case study conducted in Na Nhan commune in the northwest montane region of Vietnam to assess land-use strategies toward multiple ecosystem services, through integrated land-use planning. The assessment employed the Land-Use Planning for Multiple Ecosystem Services (LUMENS) framework and a number of methods and tools, including land-use mapping, GIS-based land-use change analysis, survey questionnaire, rapid carbon-stock appraisal for different land uses, qualitative ecosystem services assessment, and a backcasting technique. Our findings suggest that a lack of participation and acknowledgement of customary land-use practices inhibit successful implementation of current land-use planning and relevant policies such as payment for forest environmental services and the nationally determined contributions. The study also confirmed the contributions of forests and the land-use sector in achieving national emission reduction targets, especially when local stakeholders are involved early in the planning process. Other findings with important policy implications are: (i) tree-based land uses such as agroforestry are key to securing multiple ecosystem services and are highly relevant to local stakeholders, yet their potentials were not made explicit in current debates at the local level; (ii) local stakeholders are highly aware of the co-benefits of ecosystem services to climate-change mitigation and this should be considered in nationally determined contributions; and (iii) an approach for integrated, participatory land-use planning can help catalyze stakeholder engagement, and hence improve governance in rural landscapes.

中文翻译：

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生态系统服务的治理景观：越南西北山区的参与式土地利用情景开发

土地利用规划是治理景观以实现农村地区多功能的重要政策工具。本文介绍了在越南西北部山地地区的 Na Nhan 公社进行的案例研究，旨在通过综合土地利用规划评估实现多种生态系统服务的土地利用战略。评估采用了多生态系统服务土地利用规划 (LUMENS) 框架和多种方法和工具，包括土地利用制图、基于 GIS 的土地利用变化分析、调查问卷、不同土地的快速碳储量评估使用、定性生态系统服务评估和倒推技术。我们的研究结果表明，缺乏参与和对习惯性土地利用实践的认可阻碍了当前土地利用规划和相关政策的成功实施，例如森林环境服务付费和国家自主贡献。该研究还证实了森林和土地利用部门在实现国家减排目标方面的贡献，尤其是当当地利益相关者参与规划过程的早期时。其他具有重要政策影响的调查结果包括：(i) 农林业等基于树木的土地利用是确保多种生态系统服务的关键，并且与当地利益相关者高度相关，但在当前地方层面的辩论中并未明确说明其潜力；(ii) 当地利益相关者高度了解生态系统服务对减缓气候变化的共同利益，这应在国家自主贡献中予以考虑；(iii) 综合的、参与性的土地利用规划方法有助于促进利益相关者的参与，从而改善农村景观的治理。