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Growing season soil warming may counteract trend of nitrogen oligotrophication in a northern hardwood forest
Biogeochemistry ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 , DOI: 10.1007/s10533-020-00717-z
Jamie L. Harrison , Kyle Schultz , Megan Blagden , Rebecca Sanders-DeMott , Pamela H. Templer

Over the next century, many mid and high latitude temperate ecosystems are projected to experience rising growing season temperatures and increased frequency of soil freeze/thaw cycles (FTCs) due to a reduction in the depth and duration of the winter snowpack. We conducted a manipulative field experiment in a northern hardwood forest at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire to determine the interactive effects of climate change across seasons on rates of net N mineralization, foliar N, and natural abundance foliar 15N (δ15N) in red maple (Acer rubrum) trees. We warmed soils 5 °C above ambient temperatures and induced winter FTCs to simulate projected changes over the next century. Net N mineralization was dominated by ammonification and increased with warmer soil temperatures, but was not affected by soil FTCs in the previous winter. Similarly, warming led to increased foliar N concentrations and δ15N, with no effect of soil FTCs. Together, our results show that growing season soil warming increases soil N availability and N uptake by trees, which may offset the previously observed negative effects of a smaller snowpack and more frequent soil freezing on N cycling. We conclude that soil warming in the growing season may counteract the trend of reduced soil N availability relative to plant N demand (i.e. N oligotrophication) observed in northern hardwood forests. This research demonstrates that climate change across seasons affects N cycling in northern hardwood forests in ways that would have not been apparent from examining one season alone.

中文翻译:

生长季节土壤变暖可能会抵消北方阔叶林氮贫营养化趋势

在下个世纪,由于冬季积雪深度和持续时间减少,许多中高纬度温带生态系统预计将经历生长季节温度上升和土壤冻融循环 (FTC) 频率增加。我们在新罕布什尔州哈伯德布鲁克实验森林的北部硬木林中进行了一项操纵性田间试验,以确定跨季节气候变化对净氮矿化率、叶面氮和自然丰度叶面 15N (δ15N) 红色的交互影响枫树(Acer rubrum)树。我们将土壤加热至高于环境温度 5 °C,并诱导冬季 FTC 以模拟下个世纪的预计变化。净氮矿化以氨化作用为主,随着土壤温度升高而增加,但在前一个冬天不受土壤 FTC 的影响。同样,变暖导致叶面 N 浓度和 δ15N 增加,而土壤 FTC 没有影响。总之,我们的结果表明,生长季节土壤变暖增加了土壤氮的可用性和树木对氮的吸收,这可能会抵消之前观察到的较小积雪和更频繁的土壤冻结对氮循环的负面影响。我们得出结论,生长季节的土壤变暖可能会抵消在北部阔叶林中观察到的相对于植物氮需求(即氮贫营养化)减少的土壤氮可用性的趋势。这项研究表明,跨季节的气候变化会影响北部阔叶林中的氮循环,而仅通过研究一个季节是无法明显看出这一点的。没有土壤 FTC 的影响。总之,我们的结果表明,生长季节土壤变暖增加了土壤氮的可用性和树木对氮的吸收,这可能会抵消之前观察到的较小积雪和更频繁的土壤冻结对氮循环的负面影响。我们得出结论,生长季节的土壤变暖可能会抵消在北部阔叶林中观察到的相对于植物氮需求(即氮贫营养化)减少的土壤氮可用性的趋势。这项研究表明,跨季节的气候变化会影响北部阔叶林中的氮循环,而仅通过研究一个季节是无法明显看出这一点的。没有土壤 FTC 的影响。总之,我们的结果表明,生长季节土壤变暖增加了土壤氮的可用性和树木对氮的吸收,这可能会抵消之前观察到的较小积雪和更频繁的土壤冻结对氮循环的负面影响。我们得出结论,生长季节的土壤变暖可能会抵消在北部阔叶林中观察到的相对于植物氮需求(即氮贫营养化)减少的土壤氮可用性的趋势。这项研究表明,跨季节的气候变化会影响北部阔叶林中的氮循环,而仅通过研究一个季节是无法明显看出这一点的。这可能会抵消之前观察到的较小积雪和更频繁的土壤冻结对 N 循环的负面影响。我们得出的结论是,生长季节的土壤变暖可能会抵消在北部阔叶林中观察到的相对于植物 N 需求(即 N 贫营养化)的土壤 N 可用性降低的趋势。这项研究表明,跨季节的气候变化会影响北部阔叶林中的氮循环,而仅通过研究一个季节是无法明显看出这一点的。这可能会抵消之前观察到的较小积雪和更频繁的土壤冻结对 N 循环的负面影响。我们得出结论,生长季节的土壤变暖可能会抵消在北部阔叶林中观察到的相对于植物氮需求(即氮贫营养化)减少的土壤氮可用性的趋势。这项研究表明,跨季节的气候变化会影响北部阔叶林中的氮循环,而仅通过研究一个季节是无法明显看出这一点的。
更新日期:2020-10-30
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