Apoptosis is the best understood variant of regulated cell death, which has been considered irreversible for a long time. To date, an increasing amount of data has been accumulating indicating that key events of apoptosis, such as the externalization of phosphatidylserine, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, caspase activation, DNA damage, and cytoplasmic blebbing are not irreversible and can be involved in the normal cell functioning not associated with the induction of apoptosis. Anastasis - cell recovery after induction of apoptosis - can occur following elimination of proapoptotic stimuli. This can facilitate survival of damaged or tumor cells. This review describes key processes of apoptosis, which do not necessarily lead to cell death during normal cell activity as well as anastasis. Understanding mechanisms and consequences of apoptotic processes reversibility, on the one hand, could contribute to the improvement of existing therapeutic approaches for various diseases, including malignant neoplasms, and, on the other hand, could open up new possibilities for protecting cellular elements of tissues and organs from death during treatment of degenerative pathologies.

中文翻译：

---

凋亡过程可逆性问题

细胞凋亡是调节性细胞死亡的最佳理解变体，长期以来一直被认为是不可逆的。迄今为止，越来越多的数据表明细胞凋亡的关键事件，例如磷脂酰丝氨酸的外化、线粒体外膜透化、半胱天冬酶激活、DNA 损伤和细胞质起泡，并不是不可逆的，可以参与正常细胞功能与诱导细胞凋亡无关。Anastasis - 诱导细胞凋亡后的细胞恢复 - 可以在消除促凋亡刺激后发生。这可以促进受损细胞或肿瘤细胞的存活。这篇综述描述了细胞凋亡的关键过程，在正常细胞活动和 anastasis 期间不一定会导致细胞死亡。