The Crimean Peninsula has a rich archaeological record characterised by numerous multi-layered sites from the Middle Palaeolithic and by a number of important sites representing the transition from the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic. Absolute dates place the region as one of the last Neanderthal refuges in Europe. Combining dental meso- and microwear analyses of worn molars found at faunal assemblages from different sites across Crimea, we can characterise the feeding habits of ungulates at different scales in their lifetime. The proxy data resulting from these analyses provide evidence not only on diet but also on (1) the habitat where fauna were hunted and (2) the duration of the events of human occupation in each archaeological level. For this palaeoecological reconstruction, we analysed three sites: Kabazi II and Chokurcha I from the Middle Palaeolithic and Siuren I from the Early Upper Palaeolithic. We focused particularly on the repeated Neanderthal subsistence pattern observed at Kabazi II throughout the sequence (around 80 to 48 ky). Analyses revealed that Equus hydruntinus (wild ass) was feeding on abrasive grasses, suggesting it was occupying open habitats, while Saiga tatarica (saiga antelope) was mixed feeding and probably consuming significant amounts of browse and lichens in relatively open habitats. Furthermore, variability in microwear signalled short seasonal occupations for all assemblages. During the Middle Palaeolithic and the early Upper Palaeolithic, these sites were occupied during the warm season.

克里米亚半岛的考古记录丰富，其特征是旧石器时代中期的许多多层遗址，以及代表从旧石器时代到中古遗址过渡的许多重要遗址。绝对日期使该地区成为欧洲最后的尼安德特人避难所之一。结合克里米亚不同地点的动物群落中发现的磨牙臼齿的牙齿细观和微磨损分析，我们可以表征有蹄类动物一生中不同规模的进食习惯。这些分析得出的替代数据不仅提供饮食方面的证据，而且还提供以下方面的证据：（1）狩猎动物的栖息地以及（2）每个考古阶段人类占领事件的持续时间。对于此古生态重建，我们分析了三个地点：来自中旧石器时代的Kabazi II和Chokurcha I和来自上旧石器时代早期的SiurenI。我们特别关注整个序列（大约80至48 ky）在卡巴齐二世观察到的重复的尼安德特人生存模式。分析表明野马（Equus hydruntinus）以野草为食，表明它正在开阔的生境中栖息，而塞加羚羊（Saiga talopeica）则是混食，在相对开放的生境中可能会消耗大量的浏览和地衣。此外，微磨损的变化预示着所有组件的短期季节性职业。在旧石器时代中期和上旧石器时代早期，这些地点在温暖的季节被占领。