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Renewal of goal direction with a context change after habit learning.
Behavioral Neuroscience ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 , DOI: 10.1037/bne0000422
Michael R Steinfeld 1 , Mark E Bouton 1
Affiliation  

An instrumental action can be goal-directed after a moderate amount of practice and then convert to habit after more extensive practice. Recent evidence suggests, however, that habits can return to action status after different environmental manipulations. The present experiments therefore asked whether habit learning interferes with goal direction in a context-dependent manner like other types of retroactive interference (e.g., extinction, punishment, counterconditioning). In Experiment 1, rats were given a moderate amount of instrumental training to form an action in one context (Context A) and then more extended training of the same response to form a habit in another context (Context B). We then performed reinforcer devaluation with taste aversion conditioning in both contexts, and tested the response in both contexts. The response remained habitual in Context B, but was goal-directed in Context A, indicating renewal of goal direction after habit learning. Experiment 2 expanded on Experiment 1 by testing the response in a third context (Context C). It found that the habitual response also renewed as action in this context. Together, the results establish a parallel between habit and extinction learning: Conversion to habit does not destroy action knowledge, but interferes with it in a context-specific way. They are also consistent with other results suggesting that habit is specific to the context in which it is learned, whereas goal-direction can transfer between contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

习惯学习后随着环境变化更新目标方向。

一个工具性的动作可以在适度的练习后以目标为导向,然后在更广泛的练习后转化为习惯。然而,最近的证据表明,习惯可以在不同的环境操纵后恢复到行动状态。因此,本实验询问习惯学习是否像其他类型的追溯干扰(例如,消退、惩罚、反调节)一样,以依赖于上下文的方式干扰目标方向。在实验 1 中,对大鼠进行了适量的器乐训练以在一种环境中形成一种行为(环境 A),然后对相同的反应进行更长时间的训练以在另一种环境中形成习惯(环境 B)。然后,我们在两种情况下使用味觉厌恶条件对强化剂贬值进行了测试,并测试了两种情况下的反应。该反应在上下文 B 中保持习惯性,但在上下文 A 中是目标导向的,表明在习惯学习后目标方向的更新。实验 2 通过在第三个上下文(上下文 C)中测试响应来扩展实验 1。它发现,在这种情况下,习惯性反应也重新成为行动。总之,这些结果建立了习惯和消退学习之间的平行关系:转变为习惯不会破坏行动知识,而是会以特定环境的方式干扰它。它们也与其他结果一致,表明习惯特定于学习的环境,而目标方向可以在环境之间转移。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA,保留所有权利)。实验 2 通过在第三个上下文(上下文 C)中测试响应来扩展实验 1。它发现,在这种情况下,习惯性反应也重新成为行动。总之,这些结果建立了习惯和消退学习之间的平行关系:转变为习惯不会破坏行动知识,而是会以特定环境的方式干扰它。它们也与其他结果一致,表明习惯特定于学习的环境,而目标方向可以在环境之间转移。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA,保留所有权利)。实验 2 通过在第三个上下文(上下文 C)中测试响应来扩展实验 1。它发现,在这种情况下,习惯性反应也重新成为行动。总之,这些结果建立了习惯和消退学习之间的平行关系:转变为习惯不会破坏行动知识,而是会以特定环境的方式干扰它。它们也与其他结果一致,表明习惯特定于学习的环境,而目标方向可以在环境之间转移。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA,保留所有权利)。转变为习惯不会破坏行动知识,但会以特定情境的方式干扰它。它们也与其他结果一致,表明习惯特定于学习的环境,而目标方向可以在环境之间转移。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA,保留所有权利)。转变为习惯不会破坏行动知识,但会以特定情境的方式干扰它。它们也与其他结果一致,表明习惯特定于学习的环境,而目标方向可以在环境之间转移。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2020-10-31
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