Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) cause significant health and reproductive problems in many vertebrates. Exposure during embryogenesis likely leads to defects in organ development, compromising survival and growth through adulthood. The present study identifies the impact of PCBs on the embryonic development of key organs and resulting consequences on survival and growth. Zebrafish embryos were treated with individual PCB congeners (126 or 104) or one of 4 Aroclor mixtures (1016, 1242, 1254, or 1260) and analyzed for changes in gross embryonic morphology. Specific organs were assessed for defects during embryonic development, using a variety of transgenic zebrafish to improve organ visualization. Resulting larvae were grown to adulthood while survival and growth were assayed. Embryonic gross development on PCB treatment was abnormal, with defects presenting in a concentration‐dependent manner in the liver, pancreas, heart, and blood vessel organization. Polychlorinated biphenyl 126 treatment resulted in the most consistently severe and fatal phenotypes, whereas treatments with PCB 104 and Aroclors resulted in a range of more subtle organ defects. Survival of fish was highly variable although the growth rates of surviving fish were relatively normal, suggesting that maturing PCB‐treated fish that survive develop compensatory strategies needed to reach adulthood. Life span analyses of fish from embryogenesis through adulthood, as in the present study, are scarce but important for the field because they help identify foci for further studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:187–201. © 2020 SETAC

中文翻译：

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多氯联苯同系物和 Aroclors 对胚胎生长发育的毒性作用

多氯联苯 (PCB) 对许多脊椎动物造成严重的健康和生殖问题。胚胎发生过程中的暴露可能会导致器官发育缺陷，影响成年期的生存和生长。本研究确定了多氯联苯对关键器官胚胎发育的影响以及对生存和生长的影响。斑马鱼胚胎用单独的 PCB 同源物（126 或 104）或 4 种 Aroclor 混合物之一（1016、1242、1254 或 1260）进行处理，并分析胚胎总体形态的变化。在胚胎发育过程中评估特定器官的缺陷，使用各种转基因斑马鱼来改善器官可视化。得到的幼虫生长至成年，同时测定存活和生长。PCB处理后胚胎大体发育异常，在肝脏、胰腺、心脏和血管组织中以浓度依赖的方式出现缺陷。多氯联苯 126 处理导致最严重和致命的表型，而 PCB 104 和 Aroclors 处理导致一系列更细微的器官缺陷。尽管存活鱼的增长率相对正常，但鱼的存活率变化很大，这表明存活下来的经过 PCB 处理的成熟鱼会形成成年所需的补偿策略。在本研究中，从胚胎发生到成年的鱼类寿命分析很少，但对该领域很重要，因为它们有助于确定进一步研究的焦点。多氯联苯 126 处理导致最严重和致命的表型，而 PCB 104 和 Aroclors 处理导致一系列更细微的器官缺陷。尽管存活鱼的增长率相对正常，但鱼的存活率变化很大，这表明存活下来的经过 PCB 处理的成熟鱼会形成成年所需的补偿策略。在本研究中，从胚胎发生到成年的鱼类寿命分析很少，但对该领域很重要，因为它们有助于确定进一步研究的焦点。多氯联苯 126 处理导致最严重和致命的表型，而 PCB 104 和 Aroclors 处理导致一系列更细微的器官缺陷。尽管存活鱼的增长率相对正常，但鱼的存活率变化很大，这表明存活下来的经过 PCB 处理的成熟鱼会形成成年所需的补偿策略。在本研究中，从胚胎发生到成年的鱼类寿命分析很少，但对该领域很重要，因为它们有助于确定进一步研究的焦点。尽管存活鱼的增长率相对正常，但鱼的存活率变化很大，这表明存活下来的经过 PCB 处理的成熟鱼会形成成年所需的补偿策略。在本研究中，从胚胎发生到成年的鱼类寿命分析很少，但对该领域很重要，因为它们有助于确定进一步研究的焦点。尽管存活鱼的增长率相对正常，但鱼的存活率变化很大，这表明存活下来的经过 PCB 处理的成熟鱼会形成成年所需的补偿策略。在本研究中，从胚胎发生到成年的鱼类寿命分析很少，但对该领域很重要，因为它们有助于确定进一步研究的焦点。环境毒理学化学2021；40：187-201。© 2020 SETAC