Abstract The impact of the loading history on the resistance to break of a carbon-black filled styrene butadiene rubber is explored experimentally. Carbon-black filled rubberlike materials soften significantly upon the first loading due to the well known Mullins effect. The impact of this effect on the critical energy release rate at break, G c , of the considered material is quantitatively estimated. For this purpose, the classical notched pure shear geometry is considered and the seminal global analysis from Rivlin and Thomas (1953) is adopted. Moreover, the same analysis is extended to non-elastic materials in order to account for the Mullins softening and define the critical energy release rate, G c ∗ , characterizing the creation of new crack surfaces without including the energy dissipated by Mullins softening. Both global quantities, G c and G c ∗ , appear decreasing with the increase of softening already undergone by the material, stressing the difficulty of proposing a predictive criterion for the material resistance to failure. Finally, thanks to the local measures of the strain fields on the free surface of the pure shear specimen just before the crack propagation, it has been possible to evaluate the amount of Mullins dissipation upon the crack propagation and to explore the possible existence of an intrinsic value, G 0 , characterizing the crack propagation independently of any other source of dissipation.

中文翻译：

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炭黑填充丁苯橡胶通过 Mullins 软化进行能量耗散的断裂韧度实验鉴定

摘要 通过实验研究了加载历史对炭黑填充丁苯橡胶的抗断裂性的影响。由于众所周知的穆林斯效应，炭黑填充的橡胶状材料在第一次加载时会显着软化。这种效应对所考虑材料的临界断裂能量释放速率 G c 的影响被定量估计。为此，考虑了经典的缺口纯剪切几何，并采用了来自 Rivlin 和 Thomas (1953) 的开创性全局分析。此外，将相同的分析扩展到非弹性材料，以解释 Mullins 软化并定义临界能量释放率 Gc*，表征新裂纹表面的产生，而不包括 Mullins 软化耗散的能量。无论是全球数量，G c 和 G c ∗ ，随着材料已经经历的软化的增加而减少，强调了提出材料抗破坏性的预测标准的困难。最后，由于在裂纹扩展前对纯剪切试样自由表面应变场的局部测量，可以评估裂纹扩展时的 Mullins 耗散量，并探索可能存在的固有特性。 G 0 值，表征裂纹扩展独立于任何其他耗散源。