Abstract Monitoring submarine volcanic eruptions is quite an ambitious task, and it is difficult to accomplish. We present the monitoring of a submarine volcanic eruption that took place near the southernmost emerged land of El Hierro Island (Canary Islands, Spain), from October 2011 to February 2012. Right after the beginning of the eruption, in mid-October 2011, a geophone array was deployed offshore for the purpose of monitoring the submarine eruptive activity signals. It acquired continuous data from October 2011 to May 2012, sometime after the end of the eruption. The array consisted of 8 high frequency, 3-component geophones assembled into a cable string, with 6 m of separation. The geophone string was installed in La Restinga Harbor at a distance of less than 2 km away from the volcanic edifice. The dataset acquired with the array is a unique continuous acoustic record of the activity associated with the eruption. We analyzed the continuous signal of the eruptive activity, with special interest in high frequency events. Our results show that the geophone array was recording acoustic waves from a back-azimuth source compatible with the position of the submarine vent, travelling at a speed of 1510 m/s, compatible with the speed of sound in the water. Acoustic data shows a good correlation with the seismic data recorded on land and with the observed sea surface activity (ash, lava emission and degassing) indicating that this methodology can be successfully used in cases of remote submarine eruptions.

中文翻译：

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海底火山活动的水下监测：El Hierro（加那利群岛 2011-2012）喷发

摘要 海底火山喷发监测是一项艰巨而艰巨的任务。我们展示了 2011 年 10 月至 2012 年 2 月期间发生在 El Hierro 岛（西班牙加那利群岛）最南端的陆地附近的海底火山喷发的监测。地震检波器阵列部署在海上，目的是监测海底喷发活动信号。它从 2011 年 10 月到 2012 年 5 月（喷发结束后的某个时间）连续获取数据。该阵列由 8 个高频 3 分量检波器组成，它们组装成一个电缆串，间距为 6 m。地震检波器串安装在距离火山大厦不到 2 公里的拉雷斯蒂加港。用阵列获得的数据集是与喷发相关的活动的独特连续声学记录。我们分析了喷发活动的连续信号，对高频事件特别感兴趣。我们的结果表明，地震检波器阵列正在记录来自与海底通风口位置兼容的后方位源的声波，其传播速度为 1510 m/s，与水中的声速兼容。声学数据与陆地上记录的地震数据和观测到的海面活动（灰烬、熔岩排放和脱气）具有良好的相关性，表明这种方法可以成功地用于远程海底喷发的情况。对高频事件特别感兴趣。我们的结果表明，地震检波器阵列正在记录来自与海底通风口位置兼容的后方位源的声波，其传播速度为 1510 m/s，与水中的声速兼容。声学数据与陆地上记录的地震数据和观测到的海面活动（灰烬、熔岩排放和脱气）具有良好的相关性，表明这种方法可以成功地用于远程海底喷发的情况。对高频事件特别感兴趣。我们的结果表明，地震检波器阵列正在记录来自与海底通风口位置兼容的后方位源的声波，其传播速度为 1510 m/s，与水中的声速兼容。声学数据与陆地上记录的地震数据和观测到的海面活动（灰烬、熔岩排放和脱气）具有良好的相关性，表明这种方法可以成功地用于远程海底喷发的情况。