Protection of the surface layer of concrete is essential for achieving durability and functionality of concrete elements during their service life. In this paper, an effort is made to utilize colloidal nano-silica (5%–50%) and a synthesized nanocomposite as superficial treatments for concrete; silane was used as the neat resin to disperse nano-montmorillonite particles at different dosages (5% and 10%). The coatings were applied to a typical concrete mixture used for residential concrete in North America. The transport properties of the treated concrete were characterized using the rapid chloride penetrability test and the absorption/desorption percentages. Moreover, concrete was evaluated under severe durability exposure involving physical salt attack (PSA), which is a wetting/drying regime responsible for surface damage of concrete elements subjected to continuous salt supply along with cyclic ambient conditions. Deterioration was visually assessed and quantified using mass change. In addition, thermal and microscopy analyses were performed on concrete specimens to elucidate the mechanisms of enhancement by surface treatment. The results showed that increasing the concentration of nano-silica particles in the colloid led to an improved performance of concrete, with the 50% loading ratio achieving the least penetration depth, absorption/desorption percentage, and mass loss of concrete under aggravated PSA. For the silane/nano-clay composite, the low dosage of nano-clay was adequate to mitigate the damage caused by PSA on concrete.

保护混凝土表面层对于在混凝土构件使用寿命期间实现耐久性和功能至关重要。在本文中，人们试图利用胶体纳米二氧化硅（5％–50％）和合成的纳米复合材料作为混凝土的表面处理剂。硅烷用作纯树脂，以不同的剂量（5％和10％）分散纳米蒙脱土颗粒。将该涂料涂覆到北美用于住宅混凝土的典型混凝土混合物上。使用快速氯离子渗透性测试和吸收/解吸百分比来表征处理后混凝土的运输性能。此外，还对混凝土进行了严苛的耐久性试验，包括物理盐侵蚀（PSA），这是一种润湿/干燥方式，负责对连续不断供盐以及循环环境条件下的混凝土构件进行表面损伤。视觉评估变质并使用质量变化定量。此外，对混凝土试样进行了热和显微镜分析，以阐明表面处理的增强机理。结果表明，胶体中纳米二氧化硅颗粒浓度的增加导致混凝土性能的改善，在加重PSA的情况下，50％的负载比可实现最小的渗透深度，吸收/解吸百分比和质量损失。对于硅烷/纳米粘土复合材料，低剂量的纳米粘土足以减轻PSA对混凝土造成的损害。视觉评估变质并使用质量变化定量。另外，对混凝土试样进行了热和显微镜分析，以阐明表面处理的增强机理。结果表明，胶体中纳米二氧化硅颗粒浓度的增加导致混凝土性能的改善，在加重PSA的情况下，50％的填充比可实现最小的渗透深度，吸收/解吸百分比和质量损失。对于硅烷/纳米粘土复合材料，低剂量的纳米粘土足以减轻PSA对混凝土造成的损害。视觉评估变质并使用质量变化定量。此外，对混凝土试样进行了热和显微镜分析，以阐明表面处理的增强机理。结果表明，胶体中纳米二氧化硅颗粒浓度的增加导致混凝土性能的改善，在加重PSA的情况下，50％的填充比可实现最小的渗透深度，吸收/解吸百分比和质量损失。对于硅烷/纳米粘土复合材料，低剂量的纳米粘土足以减轻PSA对混凝土造成的损害。结果表明，胶体中纳米二氧化硅颗粒浓度的增加导致混凝土性能的改善，在加重PSA的情况下，50％的负载比可实现最小的渗透深度，吸收/解吸百分比和质量损失。对于硅烷/纳米粘土复合材料，低剂量的纳米粘土足以减轻PSA对混凝土造成的损害。结果表明，胶体中纳米二氧化硅颗粒浓度的增加导致混凝土性能的改善，在加重PSA的情况下，50％的负载比可实现最小的渗透深度，吸收/解吸百分比和质量损失。对于硅烷/纳米粘土复合材料，低剂量的纳米粘土足以减轻PSA对混凝土造成的损害。