Brain diseases are one of the most important problems in our rapidly ageing society. Currently, there are not many effective medications and surgical options are limited due to invasiveness and non‐invasive brain stimulation techniques cannot be well targeted and cannot access deep brain areas. A novel therapy is transcranial ultrasound which allows a variety of treatments without opening of the skull. Recent technological developments generated three revolutionary options including 1) targeted non‐invasive surgery, 2) highly targeted drug, antibody, or gene therapy via local opening of the blood–brain barrier, and 3) highly targeted brain stimulation to improve pathological brain functions. This progress report summarizes the current state of the art for clinical application and the results of recent patient investigations.

中文翻译：

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经颅超声创新准备广泛的临床应用

脑疾病是我们快速老龄化社会中最重要的问题之一。当前，由于侵入性，有效的药物还很少，手术选择也受到限制，并且非侵入性的脑刺激技术无法很好地针对性地定位并且不能进入大脑深部区域。经颅超声是一种新颖的疗法，它可以进行多种治疗而无需打开颅骨。最近的技术发展产生了三种革命性的选择，包括1）靶向性非侵入性手术，2）通过局部打开血脑屏障实现高度靶向性的药物，抗体或基因疗法，以及3）高度靶向性的脑刺激以改善病理性脑功能。该进展报告总结了临床应用的最新技术以及最近的患者调查结果。