Rainfall regimes are expected to shift on a regional scale as the water cycle intensifies in a warmer climate, resulting in greater extremes in dry versus wet conditions. Such changes are having a strong impact on the agro-physiological functioning of plants that scale up to influence interactions between plants and microorganisms and hence ecosystems. In (semi)-arid ecosystems, the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) -an irreplaceable tree- plays important socio-economic roles. In the current study, we implemeted an adapted management program to improve date palm development and its tolerance to water deficit by using single or multiple combinations of exotic and native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF1 and AMF2 respectively), and/or selected consortia of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR: B1 and B2), and/or composts from grasses and green waste (C1 and C2, respectively). We analyzed the potential for physiological functioning (photosynthesis, water status, osmolytes, mineral nutrition) to evolve in response to drought since this will be a key indicator of plant resilience in future environments. As result, under water deficit, the selected biofertilizers enhanced plant growth, leaf water potential, and electrical conductivity parameters. Further, the dual-inoculation of AMF/PGPR amended with composts alone or in combination boosted the biomass under water deficit conditions to a greater extent than in non-inoculated and/or non-amended plants. Both single and dual biofertilizers improved physiological parameters by elevating stomatal conductance, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids content), and photosynthetic efficiency. The dual inoculation and compost significantly enhanced, especially under drought stress, the concentrations of sugar and protein content, and antioxidant enzymes (polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase) activities as a defense strategy as compared with controls. Under water stress, we demonstrated that phosphorus was improved in the inoculated and amended plants alone or in combination in leaves (AMF2: 807%, AMF1+B2: 657%, AMF2+C1+B2: 500%, AMF2+C2: 478%, AMF1: 423%) and soil (AMF2: 397%, AMF1+B2: 322%, AMF2+C1+B2: 303%, AMF1: 190%, C1: 188%) in comparison with controls under severe water stress conditions. We summarize the extent to which the dual and multiple combinations of microorganisms can overcome challenges related to drought by enhancing plant physiological responses.

随着水循环在温暖的气候中加剧，降雨体制有望在区域范围内发生变化，从而导致干旱和潮湿条件下的极端情况更加严重。此类变化对植物的农业生理功能产生了巨大影响，而农业生理功能的规模不断扩大，从而影响了植物与微生物之间以及生态系统之间的相互作用。在（半）干旱生态系统中，枣椰树（凤凰凤L.）-不可替代的树木-扮演着重要的社会经济角色。在当前研究中，我们实施了适应性管理计划，通过使用外来和本地丛枝菌根真菌（分别为AMF1和AMF2）和/或植物生长的特定组合的单个或多个组合来改善枣椰子的发育及其对缺水的耐受性。 -促进根际细菌（PGPR：B1和B2）和/或来自草和绿色废物的堆肥（分别为C1和C2）。我们分析了生理功能（光合作用，水状态，渗透压，矿物质营养）响应干旱而发展的潜力，因为这将是未来环境中植物抗逆性的关键指标。结果，在缺水的情况下，所选的生物肥料可增强植物的生长，叶片水势和电导率参数。此外，AMMF / PGPR的双重接种单独或以堆肥进行了改良，在缺水条件下比未接种和/或未改良的植物更大程度地促进了生物量。单一和双重生物肥料均可通过提高气孔导度，光合色素（叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量）和光合效率来改善生理参数。与对照相比，双重接种和堆肥显着增强，特别是在干旱胁迫下，糖和蛋白质含量的浓度以及抗氧化酶（多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶）的活性作为防御策略。在水分胁迫下，我们证明单独或组合种植的和改良的植株中的磷均得到改善（AMF2：807％，AMF1 + B2：657％，AMF2 + C1 + B2：500％，AMF2 + C2：与在严重水分胁迫下的对照相比，土壤和土壤（AMF2：397％，AMF1 + B2：322％，AMF2 + C1 + B2：303％，AMF1：190％，C1：188％）和土壤（AMF2：397％，AMF2 + C1 + B2：303％条件。我们总结了微生物的双重和多重组合可以通过增强植物生理反应克服与干旱有关的挑战的程度。