Abstract This research aims to assess the impacts of soil use management on runoff, soil losses, and their main soil controls in vegetable cropland (CROP), tilled olives (OT), and grass-covered olive orchards (OGC) on Leptosol in Croatia. Soil analysis and rainfall simulation experiments were conducted to quantify runoff (Run), soil, and nutrient losses. Bulk density (BD) was significantly higher at OT plots, in addition to the CROP plots. Water-stable aggregates (WSA), mean weight diameter (MWD), and soil organic matter (OM) were significantly higher in OGC plots compared to the other land uses. Run and soil loss (SL) were significantly higher in CROP and OT plots compared to the OGC plots. The CROP plots showed soil management that can be considered as unsustainable with 52, 68- and 146-times higher losses of phosphorus (P loss), nitrogen (N loss), and carbon (C loss) compared to the OGC plots. The principal component analysis showed that MWD was associated with vegetation cover (VC), water-holding capacity (WHC), WSA, OM, total nitrogen (TN), time to ponding (TP), and time to runoff (TR). These variables were negatively related to P2O5, Run, SL, and P, N, and C loss. Results indicate the need for the adoption of conservation strategies in croplands and olive orchards.

中文翻译：

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土地管理对橄榄和蔬菜作物土壤特性和初始土壤侵蚀过程的影响

摘要 本研究旨在评估土壤利用管理对克罗地亚 Leptosol 的蔬菜农田 (CROP)、耕橄榄 (OT) 和覆草橄榄园 (OGC) 的径流、土壤流失及其主要土壤控制的影响。进行了土壤分析和降雨模拟实验，以量化径流 (Run)、土壤和养分损失。除了 CROP 地块外，OT 地块的体积密度 (BD) 显着更高。与其他土地用途相比，OGC 地块中的水稳性团聚体 (WSA)、平均重量直径 (MWD) 和土壤有机质 (OM) 显着更高。与 OGC 地块相比，CROP 和 OT 地块中的运行和土壤流失 (SL) 显着更高。CROP 地块显示土壤管理被认为是不可持续的，磷的损失（P 损失）高出 52、68 和 146 倍，与 OGC 图相比，氮（N 损失）和碳（C 损失）。主成分分析表明，MWD与植被覆盖度（VC）、持水能力（WHC）、WSA、OM、全氮（TN）、积水时间（TP）和径流时间（TR）相关。这些变量与 P2O5、Run、SL 和 P、N 和 C 损失呈负相关。结果表明需要在农田和橄榄园采取保护策略。