Objectives: Various approaches are available for pit and fissure sealing, including: the use of sealants, with or without mechanical preparation; the use of etching, with or without bonding; and the use of lasers as an alternative to mechanical preparation. The objective of this study is to evaluate pit and fissure sealing by comparing the retention and microleakage of sealants, between mechanical and Er:Yag laser enamel preparation. Methods: Sixty extracted sound third molars are classified into six groups: A, bur mechanical preparation and sealant application; B, bur mechanical preparation, etching and sealant; C, bur mechanical preparation, etching, bonding and sealant; D, laser mechanical preparation and sealant; E, laser mechanical preparation, etching and sealant application; F, laser mechanical preparation, etching, bonding, and sealant. Statistical analysis methods include Fisher’s exact test, a general linear model for one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of multiple comparisons, and Bonferroni multiple comparison tests. Results: All the groups showed dye microleakage beneath the sealants. Less microleakage was observed for those that used bur rather than laser, 41 versus 44 specimens, respectively. The number of specimens without microleakage decreased as follows: group E (24), group A (18), groups B and F (17), group C (14), and group D (5). Retention was 100% in all groups except group D. Conclusion: Mechanical preparation increases retention of sealants, especially when etching material is used; additionally, bonding can help the retention. The best technique is mechanical preparation via laser and subsequent use of etching, without bonding prior to application of the dental sealant.

中文翻译：

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坑缝密封激光束制备

目标：有多种方法可用于坑和缝隙密封，包括：使用密封剂，有或没有机械准备；使用蚀刻，有或没有粘结；以及使用激光代替机械准备。这项研究的目的是通过比较机械和Er：Yag激光瓷釉制备剂之间的密封剂的保留和微渗漏来评估凹坑和裂缝的密封性。方法：提取的60颗第三磨牙分为六组：A，bur机械制备和密封胶应用；B，bur机械准备，蚀刻和密封胶；C，车针的机械制备，蚀刻，粘接和密封胶；D，激光机械制备和密封胶；E，激光机械制备，蚀刻和密封胶的应用；F，激光机械制备，蚀刻，粘接和密封胶。统计分析方法包括Fisher精确检验，用于多次比较的方差单向分析（ANOVA）的通用线性模型以及Bonferroni多次比较测试。结果：所有组均显示出密封胶下方的染料微渗漏。对于使用bur而不是激光的样品，微渗漏较少，分别为41个样品和44个样品。没有微渗漏的标本数量减少如下：E组（24），A组（18），B和F组（1​​7），C组（14）和D组（5）。除D组外，所有组的保留率均为100％。结论：机械制备可增加密封剂的保留率，尤其是在使用蚀刻材料时；另外，粘合可以帮助保留。最好的技术是通过激光进行机械制备，然后进行蚀刻，而在使用牙科密封剂之前不进行粘结。