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Bennu’s near-Earth lifetime of 1.75 million years inferred from craters on its boulders
Nature ( IF 64.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-26 , DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2846-z
R.-L. Ballouz , K. J. Walsh , O. S. Barnouin , D. N. DellaGiustina , M. Al Asad , E. R. Jawin , M. G. Daly , W. F. Bottke , P. Michel , C. Avdellidou , M. Delbo , R. T. Daly , E. Asphaug , C. A. Bennett , E. B. Bierhaus , H. C. Connolly , D. R. Golish , J. L. Molaro , M. C. Nolan , M. Pajola , B. Rizk , S. R. Schwartz , D. Trang , C. W. V. Wolner , D. S. Lauretta

An asteroid’s history is determined in large part by its strength against collisions with other objects 1 , 2 (impact strength). Laboratory experiments on centimetre-scale meteorites 3 have been extrapolated and buttressed with numerical simulations to derive the impact strength at the asteroid scale 4 , 5 . In situ evidence of impacts on boulders on airless planetary bodies has come from Apollo lunar samples 6 and images of the asteroid (25143) Itokawa 7 . It has not yet been possible, however, to assess directly the impact strength, and thus the absolute surface age, of the boulders that constitute the building blocks of a rubble-pile asteroid. Here we report an analysis of the size and depth of craters observed on boulders on the asteroid (101955) Bennu. We show that the impact strength of metre-sized boulders is 0.44 to 1.7 megapascals, which is low compared to that of solid terrestrial materials. We infer that Bennu’s metre-sized boulders record its history of impact by millimetre- to centimetre-scale objects in near-Earth space. We conclude that this population of near-Earth impactors has a size frequency distribution similar to that of metre-scale bolides and originates from the asteroidal population. Our results indicate that Bennu has been dynamically decoupled from the main asteroid belt for 1.75 ± 0.75 million years. Analysis of the size and depth of craters on boulders on the asteroid (101955) Bennu indicates that Bennu has been in near-Earth space for 1.75 ± 0.75 million years.

中文翻译:

从巨石上的陨石坑推断本努的近地寿命为 175 万年

小行星的历史在很大程度上取决于它与其他物体 1 、 2 碰撞的强度(撞击强度)。厘米级陨石 3 的实验室实验已被外推和数值模拟支持,以推导出小行星级 4 、 5 的撞击强度。阿波罗登月样本 6 和小行星 (25143) Itokawa 7 的图像提供了对无空气行星体上巨石的撞击的原位证据。然而,目前还无法直接评估构成碎石堆小行星构件的巨石的冲击强度,从而评估其绝对表面年龄。在这里,我们报告了对在小行星 (101955) Bennu 上的巨石上观察到的陨石坑的大小和深度的分析。我们表明,米级巨石的冲击强度为 0.44 到 1.7 兆帕,与固体地面材料相比,这是低的。我们推断 Bennu 的米级巨石记录了它在近地空间受到毫米到厘米级物体撞击的历史。我们得出结论,这群近地撞击物的大小频率分布类似于米级火流星的大小频率分布,并且起源于小行星群。我们的结果表明,Bennu 已经与主小行星带动态分离了 1.75 ± 75 万年。对小行星 (101955) Bennu 上巨石上陨石坑的大小和深度的分析表明,Bennu 已经在近地空间存在了 1.75 ± 75 万年。我们得出结论,这群近地撞击物的大小频率分布类似于米级火流星的大小频率分布,并且起源于小行星群。我们的结果表明,Bennu 已经与主小行星带动态分离了 1.75 ± 75 万年。对小行星 (101955) Bennu 上巨石上陨石坑的大小和深度的分析表明,Bennu 已经在近地空间存在了 1.75 ± 75 万年。我们得出结论,这群近地撞击物的大小频率分布类似于米级火流星的大小频率分布,并且起源于小行星群。我们的结果表明,Bennu 已经与主小行星带动态分离了 1.75 ± 75 万年。对小行星 (101955) Bennu 上巨石上陨石坑的大小和深度的分析表明,Bennu 已经在近地空间存在了 1.75 ± 75 万年。
更新日期:2020-10-26
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