d-Galactosamine (d-GalN) is a well-known toxin that causes many metabolic and morphological abnormalities resulting in advanced renal failure and liver damage. Occupational exposure to low-level ionizing radiation (<1 Gy) was shown to enhance cell protection via attenuating an established inflammatory process. The present study was therefore aimed to investigate the protective impact of Amphora coffaeiformis extract and low dose gamma radiation against d-GalN induced renal damage in rats. Forty-eight adult male Swiss albino rats were distributed equally into eight groups. The measurements included antioxidants activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) as well as lipid peroxidation level in kidney tissue. Also, kidney function tests and inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor alpha and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) were measured. Additionally, relative quantification of kidney nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) gene was estimated. Histopathological examination was also performed in kidney tissue. The results revealed decreases in antioxidant activities and downregulation of Nrf-2 expression accompanied by increases in lipid peroxidation level, kidney function tests and inflammatory markers in d-GaIN group. The treatment with Amphora algal extract and low dose gamma radiation ameliorated the previous measurements which were harmony with histopathological findings. In conclusion, A coffaeiformis extract and low dose gamma radiation provided marked functional and histological effects in the treating acute renal damage induced by d-GalN in rats.

中文翻译：

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低水平电离辐射暴露的双耳藻改善 D-半乳糖胺诱导的大鼠肾脏炎症损伤

d-半乳糖胺 (d-GalN) 是一种众所周知的毒素，会导致许多代谢和形态异常，导致晚期肾功能衰竭和肝损伤。职业暴露于低水平电离辐射 (<1 Gy) 显示可通过减弱已建立的炎症过程来增强细胞保护。因此，本研究旨在研究咖啡双耳提取物和低剂量伽马辐射对 d-GalN 诱导的大鼠肾损伤的保护作用。48 只成年雄性瑞士白化大鼠平均分为八组。测量包括抗氧化活性（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶）以及肾组织中的脂质过氧化水平。还，测量了肾功能测试和炎症标志物（活化 B 细胞的肿瘤坏死因子 α 和核因子 kappa-轻链增强子）。此外，估计了肾核因子红系 2 相关因子 2 (Nrf-2) 基因的相对定量。还在肾组织中进行了组织病理学检查。结果显示，d-GaIN 组抗氧化活性降低和 Nrf-2 表达下调，伴随脂质过氧化水平、肾功能测试和炎症标志物的增加。用 Amphora 藻提取物和低剂量伽马辐射治疗改善了先前的测量结果，这与组织病理学结果一致。综上所述，