Dual-junction GaAs photovoltaic (PV) cells and modules at submillimeter scale are demonstrated for efficient wireless power transfer for Internet of Things and bio-implantable applications under low-flux illumination. The dual-junction approach meets demanding requirements for these applications by increasing the output voltage per cell with reduced area losses from isolation and interconnects. A single PV cell (150 μm × 150 μm) based on the dual-junction design demonstrates power conversion efficiency above 22% with greater than 1.2 V output voltage under low-flux 850 nm near-infrared LED illumination at 6.62 μW/mm2, which is sufficient for the batteryless operation of miniaturized CMOS IC chips. The output voltage of dual-junction PV modules with four series-connected cells demonstrates greater than 5 V for direct battery charging while maintaining a module power conversion efficiency of more than 23%.

中文翻译：

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用于亚毫米级传感器节点中低辐照度无线电力传输的双结 GaAs 光伏

亚毫米级双结 GaAs 光伏 (PV) 电池和模块已被证明可在低通量照明下实现物联网和生物可植入应用的高效无线电力传输。双结方法通过增加每个单元的输出电压并减少隔离和互连的面积损失来满足这些应用的苛刻要求。基于双结设计的单个 PV 电池 (150 μm × 150 μm) 在 6.62 μW/mm2 的低通量 850 nm 近红外 LED 照明下，功率转换效率高于 22%，输出电压大于 1.2 V，足以满足小型化 CMOS IC 芯片的无电池操作。