The deposition of pollutants on the surface of photovoltaic (PV) modules reduces the efficiency that can be achieved in given climatic conditions. This results in the loss of energy yield obtained from the solar installation. A number of factors determine the scale of this problem. The first of these is the amount of impurities deposited, the associated amount of precipitation, and the speed and direction of the wind. A second aspect is the type of pollution, and the composition and structure of the sludge, which depends on the location of the installation. The type of installation, either stationary or sun tracking, is essential because the angle of inclination of modules, depending on the latitude, will determine the amount of dust deposited, especially for stationary installations. The observed decrease in the efficiency of PV modules covered with dust equals 6–10% of the efficiency of a module free of impurities. This means that the user should maintain the module surface and schedule routine cleaning.

中文翻译：

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污染物沉积导致光伏组件效率降低

污染物沉积在光伏 (PV) 模块表面会降低在给定气候条件下可实现的效率。这导致太阳能装置产生的能量损失。许多因素决定了这个问题的规模。首先是沉积的杂质量、相关的降水量以及风速和风向。第二个方面是污染类型以及污泥的成分和结构，这取决于安装位置。安装类型，无论是固定式还是太阳跟踪，都是必不可少的，因为模块的倾斜角度取决于纬度，将决定沉积的灰尘量，尤其是对于固定式安装。观察到的被灰尘覆盖的光伏组件效率的降低相当于无杂质组件效率的 6-10%。这意味着用户应该维护模块表面并安排日常清洁。