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Comprehension of computer code relies primarily on domain-general executive brain regions
bioRxiv - Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-26 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.16.045732
Anna A. Ivanova , Shashank Srikant , Yotaro Sueoka , Hope H. Kean , Riva Dhamala , Una-May O’Reilly , Marina U. Bers , Evelina Fedorenko

Computer programming is a novel cognitive tool that has transformed modern society. An integral part of programming is code comprehension: the ability to process individual program tokens, combine them into statements, which, in turn, combine to form a program. What cognitive and neural mechanisms support this ability to process computer code? Here, we used fMRI to investigate the role of two candidate brain systems in code comprehension: the multiple demand (MD) system, typically recruited for math, logic, problem solving, and executive function, and the language system, typically recruited for linguistic processing. Across two experiments, we examined brain responses to code written in two programing languages: Python, a text-based programming language (Experiment 1) and ScratchJr, a graphical programming language for children (Experiment 2). To isolate neural activity evoked by code comprehension per se rather than by processing program content, we contrasted responses to code problems with responses to content-matched sentence problems. We found that the MD system exhibited strong bilateral responses to code in both experiments. In contrast, the language system responded strongly to sentence problems, but only weakly or not at all to code problems. We conclude that code comprehension relies primarily on domain-general executive resources, demonstrating that the MD system supports the use of novel cognitive tools even when the input is structurally similar to natural language.

中文翻译:

对计算机代码的理解主要取决于领域通用的执行人员大脑区域

计算机编程是一种新颖的认知工具,已经改变了现代社会。编程的一个组成部分是代码理解:处理单个程序令牌,将它们组合成语句的能力,这些语句又组合成一个程序。哪些认知和神经机制支持这种处理计算机代码的能力?在这里,我们使用功能磁共振成像技术研究了两个候选脑系统在代码理解中的作用:通常用于数学,逻辑,问题解决和执行功能的多需求(MD)系统,以及通常用于语言处理的语言系统。在两个实验中,我们检查了大脑对用两种编程语言编写的代码的反应:Python(一种基于文本的编程语言)(实验1)和ScratchJr(一种针对儿童的图形编程语言)(实验2)。为了隔离由代码理解本身而不是由处理程序内容引起的神经活动,我们将对代码问题的响应与对内容匹配的句子问题的响应进行了对比。我们发现,在两个实验中,MD系统对代码均表现出强大的双向响应。相反,语言系统对句子问题的反应很强,而对代码问题的反应却很弱或根本没有。我们得出结论,代码理解主要依赖于领域通用的执行资源,这表明即使输入的结构与自然语言相似,MD系统也支持使用新颖的认知工具。我们发现,在两个实验中,MD系统对代码均表现出强大的双向响应。相反,语言系统对句子问题的反应很强,而对代码问题的反应却很弱或根本没有。我们得出结论,代码理解主要依赖于领域通用的执行资源,这表明即使输入的结构与自然语言相似,MD系统也支持使用新颖的认知工具。我们发现,在两个实验中,MD系统对代码均表现出强大的双向响应。相反,语言系统对句子问题的反应很强,而对代码问题的反应却很弱或根本没有。我们得出结论,代码理解主要依赖于领域通用的执行资源,这表明即使输入的结构与自然语言相似,MD系统也支持使用新颖的认知工具。
更新日期:2020-10-27
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